For fifteen centuries, every empire and faith that held this land put it on a map. They all drew the same place. Judea, Jerusalem, the Jordan, the names of Israel. A map is hard to forge, and harder to un-draw.
This is the cartographic record: real maps, made by people with no stake in today's argument. Byzantine mosaicists, an Arab geographer at a Norman court, the Ottoman sultan's own atlas, Napoleon's engineers, Victorian surveyors. Across languages and rulers they charted one continuous land with one continuous set of names. Every map here is in the public domain; each card links to a high-resolution copy at the holding library so you can check the work yourself.