Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)

The Kingdom of Israel ( Hebrew : ממלכת יִשְׂרָאֵל , Modern : Mamlekhet Yisra'el , Tiberian : Mamléḵeṯ Yiśrāʼēl )) was one of the successor states to the older United Monarchy (also often called the 'Kingdom of Israel'). It existed roughly from the 930s BCE until about the 720s BCE, when the kingdom was conquered by the Assyrian Empire . The major cities of the kingdom were Shechem , Tirzah, and Shomron ( Samaria ). Historians often refer to ancient Israel as the Northern Kingdom to differentiate it from the Southern Kingdom of Judah .

It existed roughly from the 930s BCE until about the 720s BCE, when the kingdom was conquered by the Assyrian Empire . The major cities of the kingdom were Shechem , Tirzah , and Shomron ( Samaria ). Historians often refer to ancient Israel as the Northern Kingdom or the Kingdom of Samaria to differentiate it from the Southern Kingdom of Judah .

Historians often refer to the Kingdom of Israel as the "Northern Kingdom" or as the "Kingdom of Samaria" to differentiate it from the Southern Kingdom of Judah . Some researchers in modern scholarship, incorporating textual criticism and archaeology , have challenged the biblical account that the northern kingdom of Israel broke off from a united monarchy with the southern kingdom of Judah, suggesting instead that the northern Kingdom of Israel developed independently of Judah (a comparatively small and rural area), and that it first reached the political, economic, military and architectural sophistication of a kingdom under the Omride dynasty around 884 BCE. The Kingdom of Israel existed roughly from 930 BCE until 720 BCE, when it was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire . The major cities of the kingdom were Shechem , Tirzah , Samaria (Shomron) , Jaffa , Bethel and Dan . The Inscription on the Stele of Méšaʿ .

Iron Age kingdom in the southern Levant This article is about the historical Kingdom of Israel, that lay to the north of the Kingdom of Judah. Today part of Israel Palestine Jordan Lebanon Syria The Kingdom of Israel ( ), or the Kingdom of Samaria , was an Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age . The kingdom controlled the areas of Samaria , Galilee and parts of Transjordan. The regions of Samaria and Galilee underwent a period with large number of settlements during the 10th century BCE, with the capital in Shechem , and then in Tirzah . The kingdom was ruled by the Omride dynasty in the 9th century BCE, whose political center was the city of Samaria . The Hebrew Bible depicts the Kingdom of Israel, also known as the Kingdom of Samaria, as one of two successor states to the United Kingdom of Israel ruled by King David and his son Solomon , the other being the Kingdom of Judah to the south. Many historians and archaeologists, however, do not believe in the existence of a United Kingdom as depicted in the Bible. The Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire around 720 BCE . The records of Sargon II of Assyria indicate that he deported 27,290 Israelites – around one fifth of the population of the Kingdom of Israel – to Mesopotamia; this deportation became the basis for the Jewish idea of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel . Some Israelites migrated to the southern kingdom of Judah, while those Israelites that remained in Samaria, concentrated mainly around Mount Gerizim , came to be known as Samaritans . Foreign groups were also settled by the Assyrians in the territories of the conquered kingdom. The Inscription on the Stele of Méšaʿ . The forgotten kingdom : the archaeology and history of Northern Israel . There are <ref group=Notes> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).

Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant This article is about one of the two historical Israelite kingdoms. Today part of Israel Palestine ( West Bank ) Jordan Lebanon Syria The Kingdom of Israel ( Hebrew : מַמְלֶכֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל ‎ Mamleḵeṯ Yīśrāʾēl ), also called the Kingdom of Samaria or the Northern Kingdom , was an Israelite kingdom that existed in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age . Its beginnings date back to the first half of the 10th century BCE. It controlled the areas of Samaria , Galilee and parts of Transjordan ; the former two regions underwent a period in which a large number of new settlements were established shortly after the kingdom came into existence. It had four capital cities in succession: Shiloh , Shechem , Tirzah , and the city of Samaria . In the 9th century BCE, it was ruled by the Omride dynasty , whose political centre was the city of Samaria. According to the Hebrew Bible , the territory of the Twelve Tribes of Israel was once amalgamated under a Kingdom of Israel and Judah , which was ruled by the House of Saul and then by the House of David . However, upon the death of Solomon , who was the son and successor of David , there was discontent over his son and successor Rehoboam , whose reign was only accepted by the Tribe of Judah and the Tribe of Benjamin . The unpopularity of Rehoboam's reign among the rest of the Israelites , who sought Jeroboam as their monarch, resulted in Jeroboam's Revolt , which led to the establishment of the Kingdom of Israel in the north (Samaria), whereas the loyalists of Judah and Benjamin kept Rehoboam as their monarch and established the Kingdom of Judah in the south ( Judea ), ending Israelite political unity. While the existence of Israel and Judah as two independent kingdoms is not disputed, some historians and archaeologists reject the historicity of a United Monarchy of Israel and Judah . Around 720 BCE, Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire . The records of Assyrian king Sargon II indicate that he deported 27,290 Israelites to Mesopotamia . This deportation resulted in the loss of one-fifth of the kingdom's population and is known as the Assyrian captivity , which gave rise to the notion of the Ten Lost Tribes . Some of these Israelites, however, managed to migrate to safety in neighbouring Judah, though the Judahites themselves would be conquered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire nearly two centuries later. Those who stayed behind in Samaria following the Assyrian conquest mainly concentrated themselves around Mount Gerizim and eventually came to be known as the Samaritans . The Assyrians, as part of their historic deportation policy , also settled other conquered foreign populations in the territory of Israel. The Inscription on the Stele of Méšaʿ . [T]he growing proto-Israelite power in the central hill country, out of which would emerge the Northern Kingdom of Israel, [that] should be dated to the first half of the 10th century BCE. The forgotten kingdom : the archaeology and history of Northern Israel . There are <ref group=Notes> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).