In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “polish american professor emeritus of near eastern studies at princeton university”. Today it says “american academic who was a professor of near eastern studies at princeton university”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-02. In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “polish american professor emeritus of near eastern studies at princeton university”. Today it says “american academic who was a professor of near eastern studies at princeton university”.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2025 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2025
Norman Itzkowitz (May 6, 1931 – January 20, 2019) was an American academic who was a professor of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University . He was an Ottoman historian who brought perception of psychoanalysis into Near Eastern Studies. Itzkowitz was also the Master of Wilson College at Princeton from 1975 to 1989. While doing this, he assisted the students in developing leadership skills in running the social, cultural, and academic aspects of the college's life. Out of all of his awards, his most meaningful one was the Buitoni Scholarship in 1952. This enabled him to study at the University for Foreigners Perugia , where he gained cultural and academic experience. Itzkowitz published many books and articles on The Ottoman Empire and Near Eastern studies. Much of Itzkowitz's work is collaborative, he did much of his studies with Robert Roswell Palmer , Gordon Craig , Cyril E. Black , his Ottoman history mentor Lewis V. Thomas and psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Vamık Volkan . Itzkowitz was a denier of the Armenian genocide . Itzkowitz claimed to have told an Armenian-American student and descendant of genocide survivors that his "granny's got nothing better to do but sit at home and fill you full of this stuff". Wright released a letter stating the university is opposed to anti-Armenian remarks and behavior, in response to Itzkowitz's statements.
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 1290328127.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Norman is a Ottoman historian who brings perception of psychoanalysis into Near Eastern Studies. Norman Itzkowitz was also the Master of Wilson College at Princeton from 1975-89. While doing this he assisted the students in developing leadership skills in running the social, cultural, and academic aspects of the college's life. Out of all of his awards, his most meaningful one was the Buitoni Scholarship in 1952. This enabled him to study at the University for Foreigners Perugia , where he gained a lot of cultural and academic experience. Norman Itzkowitz publishied many books and articles on The Ottoman Empire and Near Eastern studies. Much of Itzkowitz's work is collaborative,he did much of his studies with R.R Palmer , Gordon Craig , Cyril Black , his Ottoman history mentors Lewis V. Thomas and Vamik Volkan . Norman's advide for furture psychohistory is write better stuff, be less ecletic,and know more. This will gain the audiences and practitioner's interest.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 367891479.
The opening as it stood in 2015 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Norman is an Ottoman historian who brings perception of psychoanalysis into Near Eastern Studies. Norman Itzkowitz was also the Master of Wilson College at Princeton from 1975 to 1989. While doing this he assisted the students in developing leadership skills in running the social, cultural, and academic aspects of the college's life. Out of all of his awards, his most meaningful one was the Buitoni Scholarship in 1952. This enabled him to study at the University for Foreigners Perugia , where he gained a lot of cultural and academic experience. Norman Itzkowitz publishied many books and articles on The Ottoman Empire and Near Eastern studies. Much of Itzkowitz's work is collaborative, he did much of his studies with R.R Palmer , Gordon Craig , Cyril Black , his Ottoman history mentors Lewis V. Thomas and Vamik Volkan .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 661092760.
The opening as it stood in 2020 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Norman Itzkowitz (May 6, 1931 – January 20, 2019) was an American academic who was a professor of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University .He was an Ottoman historian who brought perception of psychoanalysis into Near Eastern Studies. Itzkowitz was also the Master of Wilson College at Princeton from 1975 to 1989. While doing this, he assisted the students in developing leadership skills in running the social, cultural, and academic aspects of the college's life. Out of all of his awards, his most meaningful one was the Buitoni Scholarship in 1952. This enabled him to study at the University for Foreigners Perugia , where he gained cultural and academic experience. Itzkowitz published many books and articles on The Ottoman Empire and Near Eastern studies. Much of Itzkowitz's work is collaborative, he did much of his studies with Robert Roswell Palmer , Gordon Craig , Cyril Black , his Ottoman history mentor Lewis V.Thomas and psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Vamık Volkan .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 960176386.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Norman Itzkowitz (May 6, 1931 – January 20, 2019) was an American academic who was a professor of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University . He was an Ottoman historian who brought perception of psychoanalysis into Near Eastern Studies. Itzkowitz was also the Master of Wilson College at Princeton from 1975 to 1989. While doing this, he assisted the students in developing leadership skills in running the social, cultural, and academic aspects of the college's life. Out of all of his awards, his most meaningful one was the Buitoni Scholarship in 1952. This enabled him to study at the University for Foreigners Perugia , where he gained cultural and academic experience. Itzkowitz published many books and articles on The Ottoman Empire and Near Eastern studies. Much of Itzkowitz's work is collaborative, he did much of his studies with Robert Roswell Palmer , Gordon Craig , Cyril E. Black , his Ottoman history mentor Lewis V. Thomas and psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Vamık Volkan .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1171441866.
Today
In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “polish american professor emeritus of near eastern studies at princeton university”. Today it says “american academic who was a professor of near eastern studies at princeton university”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
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Oct '23
2025
genocide
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Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined between 2010 and 2025.
Then
polish american professor emeritus of near eastern studies at princeton university
Now
american academic who was a professor of near eastern studies at princeton university
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
