In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “a 1430 translation of the old testament made directly from hebrew into mediaeval castilian”. Today it says “created to foster understanding between christians and jews”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-02. In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “a 1430 translation of the old testament made directly from hebrew into mediaeval castilian”. Today it says “created to foster understanding between christians and jews”.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2025 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2025
Presentation miniature depicting Rabbi Moses handing over the manuscript to Luis de Guzmán The Alba Bible also known as the Arragel Bible, was created to foster understanding between Christians and Jews. It is an illuminated manuscript containing a translation of the Old Testament made directly from Hebrew into mediaeval Castilian . The translation was completed under the supervision of Moses Arragel [ es ] , who was rabbi of the Jewish community of Maqueda in the Spanish province of Toledo . This was done at the request of Grand Master Luis González de Guzmán of the Order of Calatrava . During the antisemitic riots of 1430, the Alba Bible was created. Arragel initially hesitated due to the unrest, but ultimately chose to assist Guzman in translating and interpreting the manuscript. This collaborative process lasted eight years, from 1422-1430. After the fall of Granada in 1492, the Spanish Inquisition led to the expulsion of Jews from Spain and the destruction of many books. The Alba Bible was one of the few that was spared, hidden among society's elites and passed down through generations. The Alba Bible is currently displayed in the House of Alba in Liria, Madrid. In 1992, five hundred facsimile copies were made to mark five hundred years since the expulsion of the Jewish population from Spain. The original has 515 folios while the facsimile editions contain 513 folios. The first 25 folios were expressed in an argument made by Arragels on his reluctance to accept the position. They worked on with a collaborative effort with Christians also involved in the making. The Bible was produced in the Spanish provinces of Toledo. The work has 334 miniatures. Of these miniatures, six are full-page works. The Bible's uniqueness stems from its incorporation of Christian and rabbinical texts, and accompanying images. More biblical contex can be found alongside rabbinical imagery. Some of the descriptions listed in this Bible are deeply connected with Jewish backgrounds and iconography. Such miniatures as the menorahs, the parting of the Red Sea, the Zeal of Phineas, and images of circumcision. The Alba Bible’s significance is that it is a response to antisemitism, and its patron who initiated the creation of this bible for the purpose of extending an olive branch. There is also a significance in the way it was written using the vernacular or common language instead of an overly formal language.
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 1293282058.
The opening as it stood in 2010
The Alba Bible is a 1430 translation of the Old Testament made directly from Hebrew into Mediaeval Castilian , one of the earliest known translations into a Romance language . The translation was carried out under the direction of Moses Arragel, rabbi of the Jewish community of Maqueda in the Spanish province of Toledo , at the behest of Don Luis de Guzmán, Grand Master of the military-religious Order of Calatrava . The Sephardim: Jews in Spain from Antiquity to Exile . El fabuloso patrimonio de los Alba, Grandes de España pero de con Mayúsculas .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 364647487.
The opening as it stood in 2015
Detail from Belshazzar's Feast The Alba Bible is a 1430 illuminated manuscript translation of the Old Testament made directly from Hebrew into Mediaeval Castilian , one of the earliest known translations into a Romance language . The translation was carried out under the direction of Moses Arragel, rabbi of the Jewish community of Maqueda in the Spanish province of Toledo , at the behest of Don Luis de Guzmán, Grand Master of the military-religious Order of Calatrava . The Sephardim: Jews in Spain from Antiquity to Exile . El fabuloso patrimonio de los Alba, Grandes de España pero de con Mayúsculas .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 660413928.
The opening as it stood in 2020 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Detail from Belshazzar's Feast The Alba Bible is a 1430 illuminated manuscript translation of the Old Testament made directly from Hebrew into Mediaeval Castilian . The translation was carried out under the direction of Moses Arragel, rabbi of the Jewish community of Maqueda in the Spanish province of Toledo , at the behest of Don Luis de Guzmán, Grand Master of the military-religious Order of Calatrava .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 933384453.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Presentation miniature depicting Rabbi Moses handing over the manuscript to Luis de Guzmán The Alba Bible is a 1430 illuminated manuscript containing a translation of the Old Testament made directly from Hebrew into mediaeval Castilian .The translation was carried out under the direction of Moses Arragel [ es ] , rabbi of the Jewish community of Maqueda in the Spanish province of Toledo , at the behest of Grand Master Luis González de Guzmán of the Order of Calatrava .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1174517780.
Today
In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “a 1430 translation of the old testament made directly from hebrew into mediaeval castilian”. Today it says “created to foster understanding between christians and jews”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
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Oct '23
2025
antisemitism
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Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined between 2010 and 2025.
Then
a 1430 translation of the old testament made directly from hebrew into mediaeval castilian
Now
created to foster understanding between christians and jews
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
