Wikipedia's first sentence called it “wealthy tunisian merchant and rabbi”. Today it says “wealthy merchant and rabbi from tunis”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
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The opening as it read in 2015
Mordecai Baruch Carvalho (or Carvallo ) (died January 1785) was a wealthy Tunisian merchant and rabbi.1 He devoted part of his time to rabbinical studies, and in 1752 succeeded his teacher, Isaac Lumbroso , whose best pupil he was, as rabbi of the Leghorn congregation of Tunis. Throughout the country he enjoyed a high reputation as a rabbinical authority. His publications are: To'afot Re'em (The Strength of a Unicorn), commentary on the work of Elijah Mizrachi (Leghorn, 1761) Mira Dakya (Pure Myrrh), commentary and miscellanies on various tracts of the Babylonian Talmud , and on Maimonides ' Yad ha-qazaqah (Leghorn, 1792). He also published the uncompleted work of his son, Isaac Carvalho , who died in January 1759 at the age of twenty-eight. This work, entitled Sefer ha-Zikronot we-Chayye Yitzchaq (Book of Records, and the Life of Isaac), and published together with the elder Carvalho's To'afot Re'em , contains a commentary on the works of Mizrachi , miscellanies on various tracts of the Talmud , and four funeral orations. Carvalho died in 1785, at an advanced age. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Gotthard Deutsch and Meyer Kayserling (1901–1906). In Singer, Isidore ; et al.2
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 603706568.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Mordecai Baruch Carvalho (or Carvallo ) (died January 1785) was a wealthy Tunisian merchant and rabbi. He devoted part of his time to rabbinical studies, and in 1752 succeeded his teacher, Isaac Lumbroso , whose best pupil he was, as rabbi of the Leghorn congregation of Tunis. Throughout the country he enjoyed a high reputation as a rabbinical authority. His publications are: To'afot Re'em (The Strength of a Unicorn), commentary on the work of Elijah Mizrachi (Leghorn, 1761) Mira Dakya (Pure Myrrh), commentary and miscellanies on various tracts of the Babylonian Talmud , and on Maimonides ' Yad ha-qazaqah (Leghorn, 1792). He also published the uncompleted work of his son, Isaac Carvalho , who died in January 1759 at the age of twenty-eight. This work, entitled Sefer ha-Zikronot we-Chayye Yitzchaq (Book of Records, and the Life of Isaac), and published together with the elder Carvalho's To'afot Re'em , contains a commentary on the works of Mizrachi , miscellanies on various tracts of the Talmud , and four funeral orations. Carvalho died in 1785, at an advanced age. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Gotthard Deutsch and Meyer Kayserling (1901–1906). In Singer, Isidore ; et al.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 328131833.
The opening as it stood in 2020 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Mordecai Baruch Carvalho (or Carvallo ) (Hebrew: מרדכי ברוך קרבאליו or קרבליו) ( c. 1705 – January 1785) was a wealthy Tunisian merchant and rabbi. He devoted part of his time to rabbinical studies, and in 1752 succeeded his teacher, Isaac Lumbroso , whose best pupil he was, as rabbi of the Leghorn congregation of Tunis. Throughout the country he enjoyed a high reputation as a rabbinical authority. His publications are: To'afot Re'em (The Strength of a Unicorn), commentary on the work of Elijah Mizrachi (Leghorn, 1761) Mira Dakya (Pure Myrrh), commentary and miscellanies on various tracts of the Babylonian Talmud , and on Maimonides ' Yad ha-qazaqah (Leghorn, 1792). He also published the uncompleted work of his son, Isaac Carvalho , who died in January 1759 at the age of twenty-eight. This work, entitled Sefer ha-Zikronot we-Chayye Yitzchaq (Book of Records, and the Life of Isaac), and published together with the elder Carvalho's To'afot Re'em , contains a commentary on the works of Mizrachi , miscellanies on various tracts of the Talmud , and four funeral orations. Carvalho died in 1785, at an advanced age.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 946726885.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Mordecai Baruch Carvalho (or Carvallo ) (Hebrew: מרדכי ברוך קרבאליו or קרבליו) ( c. 1705 – January 1785) was a wealthy merchant and rabbi from Tunis . He devoted part of his time to rabbinical studies, and in 1752 succeeded his teacher, Isaac Lumbroso , whose best pupil he was, as rabbi of the Leghorn congregation of Tunis. Throughout the country he enjoyed a high reputation as a rabbinical authority. His publications are: To'afot Re'em (The Strength of a Unicorn), commentary on the work of Elijah Mizrachi (Leghorn, 1761) Mira Dakya (Pure Myrrh), commentary and miscellanies on various tracts of the Babylonian Talmud , and on Maimonides ' Yad ha-qazaqah (Leghorn, 1792). He also published the uncompleted work of his son, Isaac Carvalho , who died in January 1759 at the age of twenty-eight. This work, entitled Sefer ha-Zikronot we-Chayye Yitzchaq (Book of Records, and the Life of Isaac), and published together with the elder Carvalho's To'afot Re'em , contains a commentary on the works of Mizrachi , miscellanies on various tracts of the Talmud , and four funeral orations. Carvalho died in 1785, at an advanced age.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1114897893.
The opening as it stood in 2025
Mordecai Baruch Carvalho (or Carvallo ) (Hebrew: מרדכי ברוך קרבאליו or קרבליו; c. 1705 – January 1785) was a wealthy merchant and rabbi from Tunis . He devoted part of his time to rabbinical studies, and in 1752 succeeded his teacher, Isaac Lumbroso , whose best pupil he was, as rabbi of the Leghorn congregation of Tunis. Throughout the country he enjoyed a high reputation as a rabbinical authority. His publications are: To'afot Re'em (The Strength of a Unicorn), commentary on the work of Elijah Mizrachi (Leghorn, 1761) Mira Dakya (Pure Myrrh), commentary and miscellanies on various tracts of the Babylonian Talmud , and on Maimonides ' Yad ha-qazaqah (Leghorn, 1792). He also published the uncompleted work of his son, Isaac Carvalho , who died in January 1759 at the age of twenty-eight. This work, entitled Sefer ha-Zikronot we-Chayye Yitzchaq (Book of Records, and the Life of Isaac), and published together with the elder Carvalho's To'afot Re'em , contains a commentary on the works of Mizrachi , miscellanies on various tracts of the Talmud , and four funeral orations. Carvalho died in 1785, at an advanced age.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1294609048. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “wealthy tunisian merchant and rabbi”. Today it says “wealthy merchant and rabbi from tunis”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2010, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
wealthy tunisian merchant and rabbi
Now
wealthy merchant and rabbi from tunis
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
