Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra

Al Muhallab ibn Abi Suffrah ( - c. 702 ), originally from Dibba , also known as Mohalib , was an Azdi Arab an eminent military commander in Persia and Arabia . He was a governor of Basra and then Khorasan during the Umayyad caliphate under whom he became the leader of some of the conquests of Khorasan , Kirman and the first exploratory Islamic forays into the Indian frontier . Under him the conquest of Makran , where susbstantial Azdi were settled, was consolidated and military incursions into Sindh penetrating up to Multan , in the Punjab in present day Pakistan , carried out. His army's head-quarters where at Khorasan , in the north-east of modern Iran .

Al Muhallab bin Abi Suffrah ( ), also known as Abu Said ( c. 632 , Oman/UAE – February 702, Khorasan), was an Azdi Arab warrior and general, originally from Dibba on present-day Oman - UAE border. He was an important participant in the political developments of his time and the object of many poets' praise. He is also regarded the progenitor of the Bu Said tribe, some of whose members have been Oman's ruling Al Said dynasty since the 18th century.

General and Umayyad governor Abū Saʿīd al-Muhallab ibn Abī Ṣufra al-Azdī ( ; c. 632 – 702) was an Arab general from the Azd tribe who fought in the service of the Rashidun , Umayyad and Zubayrid caliphs between the mid-640s and his death. He served successive terms as the governor of Fars (685–686), Mosul , Arminiya and Adharbayjan (687–688) and Khurasan (698–702). Al-Muhallab's descendants, known as the Muhallabids , became a highly influential family, many of whose members held high office under various Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs, or became well-known scholars. Throughout his early military career, he participated in the Arab campaigns against the Persians in Fars, Ahwaz , Sistan and Khurasan during the successive reigns of caliphs Umar ( r. 634–644 ), Uthman ( r. 644–656 ), Ali ( r. 656–661 ) and Mu'awiya I ( r. 661–680 ). By 680, his tribe, the Azd of Oman , had become a major army faction in the Arabs' Basra garrison, the launchpad for the Persian conquest . Following the collapse of Umayyad rule in Iraq and Khurasan in 683–684, during the Second Muslim Civil War , al-Muhallab was pressed by the Basran troops to lead the campaign against the Azariqa , a Kharijite faction which had taken over Ahwaz and threatened Basra. Al-Muhallab landed them a severe blow and drove them into Fars in 685. He was rewarded with the governorship of that province by the anti-Umayyad caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr ( r. 683–692 ), whose suzerainty had been recognized in Basra in the wake of the Umayyads' ouster. Al-Muhallab later held a command role in the successful Zubayrid campaign to eliminate the Kufa -based ruler al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi in 686/87. After this victory, he was transferred to the governorship of Mosul, where he was charged with protecting Iraq from a potential invasion from Umayyad-controlled Syria . The resurgence of the Azariqa in Ahwaz in 688/89 saw him transferred once again to that front by the Zubayrids. When the latter were ousted from Iraq by the Umayyads in 691, al-Muhallab switched allegiance to the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ( r. 685–705 ), who kept him in command of the war with the Azariqa. With the key support of the powerful Umayyad governor of Iraq, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf , al-Muhallab decisively defeated the Kharijites in 698. Throughout the thirteen-year conflict with the Kharijites, al-Muhallab was consistently viewed as indispensable by the Basrans and their successive Zubayrid and Umayyad rulers. Al-Hajjaj made al-Muhallab governor of Khurasan in 698. From there, he recommenced the Arab conquests in Transoxiana , leading a two-year-long siege of the fortress of Kish . He was ultimately compelled to withdraw to his capital in Merv and died on the way there. He was succeeded by his son Yazid ibn al-Muhallab . There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).

7th century Arab general and Umayyad governor Abū Saʿīd al-Muhallab ibn Abī Ṣufra al-Azdī ( ; c. 632 – 702) was an Arab general from the Azd tribe who fought in the service of the Rashidun , Umayyad and Zubayrid caliphs between the mid-640s and his death. He served successive terms as the governor of Fars (685–686), Mosul , Arminiya and Adharbayjan (687–688) and Khurasan (698–702). Al-Muhallab's descendants, known as the Muhallabids , became a highly influential family, many of whose members held high office under various Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs, or became well-known scholars. Throughout his early military career, he participated in the Arab campaigns against the Persians in Fars, Ahwaz , Sistan and Khurasan during the successive reigns of caliphs Umar ( r. 634–644 ), Uthman ( r. 644–656 ), Ali ( r. 656–661 ) and Mu'awiya I ( r. 661–680 ). By 680, his tribe, the Azd of Oman , had become a major army faction in the Arabs' Basra garrison, the launchpad for the Persian conquest . Following the collapse of Umayyad rule in Iraq and Khurasan in 683–684, during the Second Muslim Civil War , al-Muhallab was pressed by the Basran troops to lead the campaign against the Azariqa , a Kharijite faction which had taken over Ahwaz and threatened Basra. Al-Muhallab landed them a severe blow and drove them into Fars in 685. He was rewarded with the governorship of that province by the anti-Umayyad caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr ( r. 683–692 ), whose suzerainty had been recognized in Basra in the wake of the Umayyads' ouster. Al-Muhallab later held a command role in the successful Zubayrid campaign to eliminate the Kufa -based ruler al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi in 686/87. After this victory, he was transferred to the governorship of Mosul, where he was charged with protecting Iraq from a potential invasion from Umayyad-controlled Syria . The resurgence of the Azariqa in Ahwaz in 688/89 saw him transferred once again to that front by the Zubayrids. When the latter were ousted from Iraq by the Umayyads in 691, al-Muhallab switched allegiance to the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ( r. 685–705 ), who kept him in command of the war against the Azariqa. With the key support of the powerful Umayyad governor of Iraq, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf , al-Muhallab decisively defeated the Kharijites in 698. Throughout the thirteen-year conflict with the Kharijites, al-Muhallab was consistently viewed as indispensable by the Basrans and their Zubayrid and Umayyad rulers. Al-Hajjaj made al-Muhallab governor of Khurasan in 698. From there, he recommenced the Arab conquests in Transoxiana , leading a two-year-long siege of the fortress of Kish . He was ultimately compelled to withdraw to his capital in Merv and died on the way there. He was succeeded by his son Yazid . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).