Wikipedia's first sentence called it “son of herbert samuel and the father of professor david samuel”. Today it says “british lord”. The one-line description Wikipedia serves to search engines and AI systems read “Edwin Samuel, 1945 Hadassa and Edwin Samuel in a family picture with Herbert Samuel”. It now reads “British viscount (1898–1978) Edwin Samuel, 1945 Hadassa and Edwin Samuel in a family picture with Herbert Samuel The wedding of Edwin Samuel & Yehudit Grazovsky/Gur (Hadassa) 1920”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2020 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2020
Edwin Samuel, 1945 Hadassa and Edwin Samuel in a family picture with Herbert Samuel Edwin Herbert Samuel, 2nd Viscount Samuel CMG ( ; 11 September 1898 – 14 November 1978), was the son of Beatrice Franklin and Herbert Samuel , and the father of Professor David Samuel and Dan Samuel .1He served in the Jewish Legion . He also served as the last mandate-era director of the Palestine Broadcasting Service .2 He was educated at Westminster School and Balliol College , Oxford. In the spring of 1917 he joined the Royal Artillery and was posted to the Egyptian Expeditionary Force . After the First World War he joined the Mandatory Government in Palestine . As a viscount, he served as a peer in the House of Lords . One of his significant acts was to have the law that forbade marriage between a woman and her brother-in-law repealed. His explicit intent was to allow a man to fulfil his responsibility under the Judaic Biblical law of levirate marriage , as described in the Book of Deuteronomy , whereby the brother of a man who dies childless must marry the widow. Lord Samuel was the initiator of the Knesset Menorah project which eventually led to the huge bronze candelabrum presented by the British parliament to the State of Israel in 1956. The Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Zionism and Israel .
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 876387719.
The opening as it stood in 2005
Edwin Herbert Samuel, 2nd Viscount Samuel ( 1898 - 1978 ), was the son of Herbert Samuel and the father of Professor David Samuel . v t e
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 17481222.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Edwin Herbert Samuel, 2nd Viscount Samuel CMG ( ; 11 September 1898 – 14 November 1978), was the son of Herbert Samuel and the father of Professor David Samuel .He served in the Jewish Legion .As a Viscount, he served as a peer in the House of Lords .There, one of his significant acts was to have the law which forbade marriage between a woman and her brother-in-law repealed.His explicit intent was to allow a man to fulfill his responsibility under the biblical Judaic law of Levirate marriage .That Judaic Levirate law stated that, when a woman's husband dies, it was the explicit responsibility of her brother-in-law to marry her and take care of her. v t e
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 365262649.
The opening as it stood in 2015 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
He served in the Jewish Legion . He also served as the last Mandate-era Director of the Palestine Broadcasting Service.He was educated at Westminster School and Balliol College , Oxford.In the spring of 1917 he joined the Royal Artillery and was posted to the Egyptian Expeditionary Force .After the First World War he joined the Mandatory Government in Palestine . As a Viscount, he served as a peer in the House of Lords . There, one of his significant acts was to have the law that forbade marriage between a woman and her brother-in-law repealed. His explicit intent was to allow a man to fulfill his responsibility under the biblical Judaic law of Levirate marriage . That Judaic Levirate law stated that when a woman's husband dies, it was the explicit responsibility of her brother-in-law to marry her and take care of her. The Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Zionism and Israel .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 660458636.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
British viscount (1898–1978) Edwin Samuel, 1945 Hadassa and Edwin Samuel in a family picture with Herbert Samuel The wedding of Edwin Samuel & Yehudit Grazovsky/Gur (Hadassa) 1920 Edwin Herbert Samuel, 2nd Viscount Samuel GCB ( ; 11 September 1898 – 14 November 1978), was a British lord, also active in Mandatory Palestine and the State of Israel .The son of Beatrice Franklin and Herbert Samuel – Palestine's first high commissioner – he was the father of Professor David Samuel and Dan Samuel . Samuel was educated at Westminster School and Balliol College , Oxford. In the spring of 1917 he joined the Royal Artillery and was posted to the Egyptian Expeditionary Force . He also served in the Jewish Legion . After the First World War he joined the Mandatory Government in Palestine , and was the last mandate-era director of the Palestine Broadcasting Service . As a viscount, he served as a peer in the House of Lords . One of his significant acts was to have the law that forbade marriage between a woman and her brother-in-law repealed. His explicit intent was to allow a man to fulfil his responsibility under the Judaic Biblical law of levirate marriage , as described in the Book of Deuteronomy , whereby the brother of a man who dies childless must marry the widow. Lord Samuel was the initiator of the Knesset Menorah project which eventually led to the huge bronze candelabrum presented by the British parliament to the State of Israel in 1956. The Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Zionism and Israel .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1165898949.
The opening as it stood in 2025 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
The son of Beatrice Franklin and Herbert Samuel – Palestine's first high commissioner – he was the father of Professor David Samuel and Dan Samuel . Samuel was educated at Westminster School and Balliol College , Oxford. In the spring of 1917 he joined the Royal Artillery and was posted to the Egyptian Expeditionary Force . He also served in the Jewish Legion . After the First World War he joined the Mandatory Government in Palestine , and was the last mandate-era director of the Palestine Broadcasting Service . As a viscount, he served as a peer in the House of Lords . One of his significant acts was to have the law that forbade marriage between a woman and her brother-in-law repealed. His explicit intent was to allow a man to fulfil his responsibility under the Judaic Biblical law of levirate marriage , as described in the Book of Deuteronomy , whereby the brother of a man who dies childless must marry the widow. Lord Samuel was the initiator of the Knesset Menorah project which eventually led to the huge bronze candelabrum presented by the British parliament to the State of Israel in 1956. The Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Zionism and Israel .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1254700106. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “son of herbert samuel and the father of professor david samuel”. Today it says “british lord”. The one-line description Wikipedia serves to search engines and AI systems read “Edwin Samuel, 1945 Hadassa and Edwin Samuel in a family picture with Herbert Samuel”. It now reads “British viscount (1898–1978) Edwin Samuel, 1945 Hadassa and Edwin Samuel in a family picture with Herbert Samuel The wedding of Edwin Samuel & Yehudit Grazovsky/Gur (Hadassa) 1920”. Read the current article and compare.
2005
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2005, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
son of herbert samuel and the father of professor david samuel
Now
british lord
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.