Felix Frankfurter

Felix Frankfurter (November 15, 1882 – February 22, 1965) was a jurist , who served as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court . Frankfurter was born in Vienna and immigrated to New York at the age of 12. He graduated from Harvard Law School and was active politically, helping to found the American Civil Liberties Union . He was a friend and adviser of President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who appointed him to the Supreme Court in 1939. Frankfurter served on the Supreme Court for 23 years, and was a noted advocate of judicial restraint in the judgments of the Court.

Felix Frankfurter (November 15, 1882 – February 22, 1965) was an Austrian-American lawyer, professor, and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States . Frankfurter served on the Supreme Court from 1939 to 1962 and was a noted advocate of judicial restraint in the judgments of the Court. Frankfurter was born in Vienna , Austria, and immigrated to New York City at the age of 12. After graduating from Harvard Law School , Frankfurter worked for Secretary of War Henry L. After the war, he helped found the American Civil Liberties Union and returned to his position as professor at Harvard Law School. He became a friend and adviser of President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who appointed him to fill the Supreme Court vacancy caused by the death of Benjamin Cardozo . Frankfurter served on the Court until his retirement in 1962, and was succeeded by Arthur Goldberg . Frankfurter wrote the Court's majority opinions in cases such as Minersville School District v. Lightfoot , and Beauharnais v. He wrote dissenting opinions in notable cases such as Baker v. Carr , West Virginia State Board of Education v. United States , and Trop v.

US Supreme Court justice from 1939 to 1962 Felix Frankfurter (November 15, 1882 – February 22, 1965) was an Austrian-born American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1939 until 1962, during which period he was a noted advocate of judicial restraint in its judgements. Frankfurter was born in Vienna , immigrating to New York City at the age of 12. After graduating from Harvard Law School , Frankfurter worked for Henry L. Stimson , the U.S. After the war, he helped found the American Civil Liberties Union and returned to his position as a professor at Harvard Law School. He became a friend and adviser of President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who appointed him to fill the Supreme Court vacancy caused by the death of Benjamin N. His adherence to judicial restraint during an era where conservative justices wielded the judicial power through the derogation canon and the "plain meaning rule" to strike down progressive laws has been described as liberal by some commentators. Frankfurter served on the Court until his retirement in 1962, and was succeeded by Arthur Goldberg . Frankfurter wrote the Court's majority opinions in cases such as Minersville School District v. Lightfoot , and Beauharnais v. He wrote dissenting opinions in notable cases such as Baker v. Carr , West Virginia State Board of Education v. United States , and Trop v. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963" . The American Presidency Project . University of California, Santa Barbara . Public Administration and Law .

American jurist (1882–1965) Felix Frankfurter (November 15, 1882 – February 22, 1965) was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1939 until 1962, advocating judicial restraint . Born in Vienna, Frankfurter immigrated with his family to New York City at age 12. He graduated from Harvard Law School and worked for Henry L. Stimson , the U.S. Afterward, he returned to Harvard and helped found the American Civil Liberties Union . He later became a friend and adviser of President Franklin D. Cardozo died in 1938, Roosevelt nominated Frankfurter to the Supreme Court. Given his affiliations and alleged radicalism, the Senate confirmed Frankfurter's appointment only after its Judiciary Committee required him to testify in 1939, a practice that became routine in the 1950s. His relations with colleagues were strained by ideological and personal differences, likely exacerbated by some antisemitism . His restraint was first seen as relatively liberal, as conservative justices had used the derogation canon and plain meaning rule against Progressive economic legislation during the 1897–1937 Lochner era . It became seen as somewhat conservative in civil liberties dissents as the Court moved left. His dissent in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943) refers to his minority-group background as immaterial and was prompted by the new majority's repudiation of Minersville School District v. Gobitis (1940), in which he had penned the restrained majority opinion. In 1948, he hired William Thaddeus Coleman Jr. , the first Black law clerk at the Court, though in 1960 Frankfurter declined to hire Ruth Bader Ginsburg , citing gender roles . In Brown II (1955), he suggested the phrase "all deliberate speed" to endorse gradual racial integration . He held that redistricting was nonjusticiable in Colegrove v. Green (1946) and Baker v. Carr (1962), and his majority opinion in Gomillion v. Lightfoot (1960) only upheld review under the Fifteenth Amendment . Frankfurter's other decisions include the majority opinion in Beauharnais v. Illinois (1952) and dissents in Glasser v. United States (1942) and Trop v. He retired after a 1962 stroke, replaced with Arthur Goldberg . Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963" . The American Presidency Project . University of California, Santa Barbara . Public Administration and Law .