Eran Elinav

June 1969 in Jerusalem, Israel) is an immunologist and microbiota researcher at the Weizmann Institute of Science and the DKFZ , where he studies the molecular basis of host-microbiota interactions, their effects of diet, environmental factors, immune function and host genetics on the intestinal microbiome and associated multi-factorial metabolic, inflammatory, (Timur T.) malignant and neuro-generative disease. He developed precision microbiota interventions, including Personalized Nutrition, Precision Probiotics (new review), small molecule ″Postbiotics″, Phage Therapy, Vaginal Microbiome Transplantation (VMT ) and gut epithelial interventions.¹ He is an international scholar at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and a Senior Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advance Reasearch ( CIFAR ). He was awarded the Rappaport prize for biomedical research in 2015, the Levinson award for basic science research in 2016 and the Landau prize of Immunology in 2018. Following an internship and residency in Internal Medicine at the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in 2000 - 2004. He served as a senior physician-scientist to the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease in 2005 - 2009. He earned a Ph.D. in Immunology from Weizmann Institute of Science , advised by Zelig Eshhar , in 2009, followed by a postdoc at Yale University , advised by Richard Anthony Flavell, in 2009 - 2012. In 2012 he moved to the Weizmann Institute of Science and was made a professor in 2016. Since 2016 he heads the Weizmann Institute of Science Microbiome center. In 2019 he founded and heads the Cancer - Microbiome Division at the DKFZ . Personalized Nutrition Elinav discovered, that people consuming identical foods and additives, such as non-nutritive sweeteners, general foods and bread, feature an unique and personalized glycemic response, thereby potentially explaining the lack of uniform metabolic responses to generalized dietary approaches. He similarly showed, that consumption of probiotics leads to a person-specific colonization resistance and physiological patterns. Utilization of individualized dietary, clinical and microbiota data, by artificial intelligence /AI and machine learning techniques, predicted these personalized traits, thereby enabling the construction of glucose-lowering personalized diets and precision probiotics. Nutritional timing and the Microbiota Elinav discovered, that the gut microbiota features a compositional and functional diurnal activity during a 24-hour cycle, which is dictated by host and environmental factors, mainly by the timing in food consumption. These microbiota diurnal activities are tightly coordinated with the host gastrointestinal and systemic circadian activity, while disruption of circadian activity by Jet-Lag or shift work may lead to alterations in the microbiota behavior, which contribute to the development of common metabolic, immune (Timur T) and liver diseases. 1) Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, Zilberman-Schapira G, Thaiss CA, Maza O, Israeli D, Zmora N, Gilad S, Weinberger A, Kuperman Y, Harmelin A, Kolodkin-Gal I, Shapiro H, Halpern Z, Segal E (last coauthor), Elinav E. 2014. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the microbiota, Nature 514(7521):181-6. Trans-kingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis. Persistent microbiome alterations modulate the rate of post-dieting weight regain. Growth dynamics of gut microbiota in health and disease inferred from single metagenomic samples. Microbiota-modulated metabolites shape the intestinal microenvironment by regulating NLRP6 inflammasome signaling. Reconstructing the spectrum and regulatory landscapes of innate lymphoid cells in homeostasis and dysbiosis. Environmental factors dominate over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota composition. Potential roles of gut microbiome & metabolites in modulation of murine ALS. Bread affects clinical parameters and induces gut microbiome associated personal glycemic responses. Personalized gut mucosal colonization resistance to empiric probiotics is associated with unique host and microbiome features. Post-antibiotic gut mucosal microbiome reconstitution is impaired by probiotics and improved by autologous FMT. Vaginal Microbiome Transplantation in women with intractable bacterial vaginosis. Hyperglycemia drives intestinal barrier dysfunction and risk of enteric infection.²