Textbooks in Israel and Palestine have emerged as an issue within the larger Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Textbooks in Israel have been found to contain narratives that dehumanize Palestinian Arabs, or provide justification for or skip over historical topics related to Israeli occupation of Palestine, such as war crimes like the Deir Yassin massacre. Studies on Palestinian textbooks have highlighted hateful imagery and content. In response to such findings, from 2019 to 2023 the European Parliament passed four resolutions denouncing the Palestinian Authority for the content of its textbooks and stipulating that any future financing for education be conditioned on improvements. Israel has used the topic of Palestinian textbooks as a Hasbara tool against the Palestinian Authority. Palestinians say that their textbooks rightly focus on their own national narrative, which includes the privations of life under occupation.