The exploitation of the accusation of antisemitism, especially to delegitimize criticism of Israel or opposition to Zionism, is sometimes called weaponization of antisemitism. Cases of weaponizing antisemitism have arisen in various contexts, especially regarding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. There has been controversy over the concept of new antisemitism and the IHRA definition of antisemitism, both of which characterize criticism of Israel and opposition to Zionism as antisemitic. Charges of antisemitism made in bad faith have been described as a smear tactic and likened to "playing the race card". Some anti-Zionist Jews have been accused of antisemitism and labeled "self-hating Jews". The charge of weaponization has itself been criticized as antisemitic or rooted in antisemitic tropes, and as a rhetorical device employed across the political spectrum to delegitimize concerns about antisemitism, especially in anti-Zionist discourse. These controversies have intensified during the Gaza war.