Arabs

The Arabs ( Arabic : عرب ʻarab ) are an originally Arabian ethnicity of the Caucasoid race widespread in the Middle East and North Africa .

Arab people ( , ʿarabi ) or Arabs ( العرب al-ʿarab ) are a panethnicity of peoples of various ancestral origins, religious backgrounds and historic identities, whose members, on an individual basis, identify as such on one or more of linguistic , cultural , political , or genealogical grounds. Those self-identifying as Arab, however, rarely do so on their own. Most hold multiple identities, with a more localized prioritized ethnic identity — such as Egyptian , Lebanese , or Palestinian — in addition to further tribal , village and clan identities. Arabic , the main unifying feature among Arabs, is a Semitic language originating in Arabia . From there it spread to a variety of distinct peoples across most of West Asia and North Africa , resulting in their acculturation as Arabs, or Arabization , often though not always, in conjunction with Islamization . With the rise of Islam in the 7th century CE as the language of the Qur'an , Arabic became the lingua franca of the wider Mediterranean region. It was in this period that Arabic language and culture was widely disseminated with the early Islamic expansion , both through conquest and cultural contact . Arabic culture and language, however, began a more limited diffusion before the Islamic age , first spreading in West Asia beginning in the 2nd century , as Arab Christians such as the Ghassanids , Lakhmids and Banu Judham began migrating north from Arabia into the Syrian Desert and the Levant . Christian Communities in the Middle East .

Semitic people inhabiting the geographic and cultural region located primarily in Northern Africa and Western Asia Ethnic group Arabs ( / ˈ ær ə b z / ; , ISO 233 ‘arab ; Arabic pronunciation: ) are a population inhabiting the Arab world . They primarily live in the Arab states in Western Asia , Northern Africa , The Horn of Africa and, Western Indian Ocean islands (including the Comoros ), as well as in significant numbers in the Americas , Western Europe , Indonesia , Israel , Turkey , and Iran . The Arab diaspora is established around the world. The first mention of Arabs is from the mid-ninth century BCE as a tribal people in eastern and southern Syria and the north of the Arabian Peninsula . The Arabs appear to have been under the vassalage of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–612 BCE), and the succeeding Neo-Babylonian (626–539 BCE), Achaemenid (539–332 BCE), Seleucid , and Parthian empires. The Nabataeans , an Arab people, formed their Kingdom near Petra in the third century BC. Arab tribes , most notably the Ghassanids and Lakhmids , begin to appear in the southern Syrian Desert from the mid 3rd century CE onward, during the mid to later stages of the Roman and Sasanian empires. Before the expansion of the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661 C.E.), "Arab" referred to any of the largely nomadic and settled Semitic people from the Arabian Peninsula , Syrian Desert , and North and Lower Mesopotamia . Today, "Arab" refers to a large number of people whose native regions form the Arab world due to the spread of Arabs and the Arabic language throughout the region during the early Muslim conquests of the 7th and 8th centuries and the subsequent Arabisation of indigenous populations. The Arabs forged the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517) and the Fatimid (901–1071) caliphates, whose borders reached southern France in the west, China in the east, Anatolia in the north, and the Sudan in the south. This was one of the largest land empires in history . In the early 20th century, the First World War signalled the end of the Ottoman Empire ; which had ruled much of the Arab world since conquering the Mamluk Sultanate in 1517. Culminating in the 1922 defeat and dissolution of the empire and the partition of its territories , forming the modern Arab states. Following the adoption of the Alexandria Protocol in 1944, the Arab League was founded on 22 March 1945. The Charter of the Arab League endorsed the principle of an Arab homeland whilst respecting the individual sovereignty of its member states. Today, Arabs primarily inhabit the 22 Arab states within the Arab League: Algeria , Bahrain , the Comoros , Djibouti , Egypt , Iraq , Jordan , Kuwait , Lebanon , Libya , Mauritania , Morocco , Oman , Palestine , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Somalia , Sudan , Syria , Tunisia , United Arab Emirates , and Yemen . The Arab world stretches around 13 million km , from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Horn of Africa and the Indian Ocean in the southeast. Beyond the boundaries of the League of Arab States, Arabs can also be found in the global diaspora . The ties that bind Arabs are ethnic, linguistic , cultural , historical, identical , nationalist , geographical and political . The Arabs have their own customs, language, architecture , art , literature , music , dance , media , cuisine , dress , society , sports and mythology . Arabs are a diverse group in terms of religious affiliations and practices. In the pre-Islamic era, most Arabs followed polytheistic religions. Some tribes had adopted Christianity or Judaism , and a few individuals, the hanifs , apparently observed another form of monotheism . Today, about 93% of Arabs are adherents of Islam , and there are sizable Christian minorities. Arab Muslims primarily belong to the Sunni , Shiite , Ibadi , and Alawite denominations. Arab Christians generally follow one of the Eastern Christian Churches , such as the Oriental Orthodox or Eastern Catholic churches. There also exist small amounts of Arab Jews still living in Arab countries, and a much larger population of Jews descended from Arab Jewish communities living in Israel and various Western countries, who may or may not consider themselves Arab today. Many Christians in Arab countries may also not consider themselves Arab, especially Copts and Assyrians . Other smaller minority religions are also followed, such as the Bahá'í Faith and Druze . Arabs have greatly influenced and contributed to diverse fields, notably the arts and architecture, language , philosophy , mythology, ethics , literature, politics, business, music, dance, cinema , medicine , science and technology in the ancient and modern history. Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times . The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Contested Histories . The Independent . 25 November 2009 . Ethnic Chinese in Contemporary Indonesia . (UNHCR), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "The Iraqi Refugee Crisis and Turkey: a Legal Outlook" . cadmus.eui.eu . There is an estimated population of 1,500,000 Arabs in Colombia. "Anzahl der Ausländer in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland in den Jahren 2015 und 2016" . statista (in German). Statistisches Bundesamt (in German). 20 June 2017 . (in Spanish) En Chile viven unas 700.000 personas de origen árabe y de ellas 500.000 son descendientes de emigrantes palestinos que llegaron a comienzos del siglo pasado y que constituyen la comunidad de ese origen más grande fuera del mundo árabe. Dati ISTAT 2016, counting only immigrants from the Arab world . "Cittadini stranieri in Italia - 2016" . tuttitalia.it . : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link ) Anthony McRoy. Music and media in the Arab world (1st ed.). Main characteristic and development trends of migration in the Arab world . The Cambridge Ancient History . "The origin of the word "Arab" " . Late antiquity : a guide to the postclassical world (2. print. ed.). The Syrian desert : caravans, travel and exploration . Arabs and Iran (pre-Islamic) – Encyclopaedia Iranica" . Ruthven, Albert Hourani ; with a new afterword by Malise (2010). A history of the Arab peoples (1st Harvard Press pbk. ed.). Islam: The Religion and the People . At the time of the Prophet's birth and mission, the Arabic language was more or less confined to Arabia, a land of deserts, sprinkled with oases. Surrounding it on land on every side were the two rival empires of Persia and Byzantium. The countries of what now make up the Arab world were divided between the two of them—Iraq under Persian rule, Syria, Palestine, and North Africa part of the Byzantine Empire. They spoke a variety of different languages and were for the most part Christians, with some Jewish minorities. Their Arabization and Islamization took place with the vast expansion of Islam in the decades and centuries following the death of the Prophet in 632 CE. The Aramaic language, once dominant in the Fertile Crescent, survives in only a few remote villages and in the rituals of the Eastern churches. Coptic, the language of Christian Egypt before the Arab conquest, has been entirely replaced by Arabic except in the church liturgy. Frontiers of the state in the late Ottoman Empire : Transjordan, 1850–1921 . OCLC 826413749 . : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) Schsenwald, William L. War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan . Folk traditions of the Arab world : a guide to motif classification (1. Islam: A Concise Introduction . Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs . Holt – 2013 "He held the post until his death in 1624 and was succeeded by his former pupil, James Golius (1596–1667). Erpenius and Golius made outstanding contributions to the development of Arabic studies by their teaching, their preparation of texts, ..." There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Ethnic group inhabiting the Arab world "Arab" and "Arabians" redirect here. Ethnic group The Arabs ( , DIN 31635 : ʿarab , Arabic pronunciation : ), also known as Arab people ( ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia and Northern Africa , which formally denotes the "Arab homeland". Moreover, a significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world. According to the Abrahamic tradition, Arabs are descendants of Abraham through his son Ishmael . Islamic sources state that Abraham brought Hagar and Ishmael to Mecca. The 14th century Arab historian Ibn Kathir mention that the pre-Islamic Arabs considered Ishmael as their patriarch. Arabs have been in the Fertile Crescent for thousands of years. In the 9th century BCE, the Assyrians made written references to Arabs as inhabitants of the Levant , Mesopotamia , and Arabia . Throughout the ancient Near East , Arabs established influential civilizations starting from 3000 BCE onwards, such as Dilmun , Gerrha and, Magan , playing a vital role in trade between Mesopotamia, and the Mediterranean . Other prominent tribes include Midian , ʿĀd , and Thamud mentioned in the Bible and Quran . The Amorites , likely originating from Arabia, emerged around 2100 BCE in the Levant and Mesopotamia. Around 1300 BCE, the Edomites were found adjacent to Moab in the southern Levant . Later, in 900 BCE, the Qedarites enjoyed close relations with the nearby Canaanite and Aramaean states, and their territory extended from Lower Egypt to the Southern Levant. From 1200 BCE to 110 BCE, powerful Arab kingdoms such as Saba , Lihyan , Minaean , Qataban , Hadhramaut , Awsan , and Homerite emerged in Arabia. During classical antiquity , the Nabataeans established their kingdom with Petra as the capital in 300 BCE, by 271 CE, the Palmyrene Empire with the capital Palmyra , led by Queen Zenobia , encompassed the Syria Palaestina , Arabia Petraea , and Egypt , as well as large parts of Anatolia . The Arab Itureans inhabited Lebanon , Syria, and northern Palestine ( Galilee ) during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The Osroene and Hatran were Arab kingdoms in Upper Mesopotamia around 200 CE. In 164 CE, the Sasanians recognized the Arabs as " Arbayistan ", meaning "land of the Arabs," as they were part of Adiabene in upper Mesopotamia. During late antiquity , the Tanukhids , Salihids , Lakhmids , Kinda , and Ghassanids were dominant Arab tribes in the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Arabia, they predominantly embraced Christianity. During the Middle Ages , Islam fostered a vast Arab union, leading to significant Arab migration from the East, extremely to North Africa , under the rule of Arab empires such as the Rashidun , Umayyad , Abbasid , and Fatimid , ultimately leading to the decline of the Byzantine and Sasanian empires. At its peak, Arab territories stretched from southern France to eastern China , forming one of history's largest empires . The Great Arab Revolt in the early 20th century, aided in dismantling the Ottoman Empire , ultimately leading to the formation of the Arab League on 22 March 1945, with its Charter endorsing the principle of a " unified Arab homeland ". Arabs share a common bond based on ethnicity, language , culture , history , identity , ancestry , nationalism , geography , unity , and politics . They also have their own customs, literature , music , dance , media , food , clothing , society, sports , architecture , art and, mythology . Arabs have significantly influenced and contributed to human progress in many fields, including science , technology , philosophy , ethics , literature , politics , business , art , music , comedy , theatre, cinema , architecture , food , medicine , and religion . Before Islam , most Arabs followed polytheistic Semitic religion , while some tribes adopted Judaism or Christianity and a few individuals, known as the hanifs , followed a form of monotheism . Currently, around 93% of Arabs are Muslims , while the rest are mainly Arab Christians , as well as Arab groups of Druze and Baháʼís . Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times . The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Contested Histories . IBGE | Biblioteca | Detalhes | Características étnico-raciais da população : classificações e identidades IBGE: Características Étnico-Raciais da População. Arab Regionalism: A Post-Structural Perspective . According to estimates by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), countersigned by the League of Arab States, Brazil has the largest Arab colony outside their countries of origin. There are estimated 15 million Arabs living in Brazil today, with some researchers suggesting numbers around 20 million. (UNHCR), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Brazil-Arab News Agency - Colombia awakens to the Arab world" . 6 July 2011. The World Factbook (2019 ed.). The World Factbook (2013 ed.). "Anzahl der Ausländer in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland in den Jahren 2015 und 2016" . statista (in German). Arab Mexicans are an important group within Mexican society. There are around 1,100,000 Mexican citizens of Arab descent, primarily of Lebanese, Syrian, Iraqi and Palestinian heritage. "Cittadini stranieri in Italia – 2021" . tuttitalia.it . Origen y evolución de la comunidad palestina en Chile . S2CID 241082525 . : |work= ignored ( help ) de 2020, 16 de Octubre (16 October 2020). "Más de 10 millones de libaneses empujan el crecimiento social y económico de América Latina" . infobae (in European Spanish) . Kenya National Bureau of Statistics . Understanding and Teaching the Modern Middle East . The Middle East in Transition: An Instructional Guide . The Arabs: a short history . The Arabs: a history (1st pbk. ed.). Three. : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) Shoup, John A. The Arab world society, culture, and state . The Cambridge Companion to Modern Arab Culture . Minority voting in the United States . Folk traditions of the Arab world: a guide to motif classification (1. Main characteristic and development trends of migration in the Arab world . Arabs and Empires before Islam . Origen, in the third century, was the first Christian to identify the Ishmaelites with the Arabs, but he only does so in a cursory fashion Firestone, Reuven (July 1990). Journeys in Holy Lands . Abraham, for example, personally brings Hagar and Ishmael to Mecca rather than simply sending them away as in the biblical rendition. The Ancient Arabs: nomads of the fertile crescent . Arabia and the Arabs . The Cambridge Ancient History . Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three . "The origin of the word "Arab" " . Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire . Oriens et Occidens – Band 21 : 143– 161. The Parthians: The Forgotten Empire . In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity . The Oxford Classical Dictionary . W. , Peter Brown and Oleg Grabar , eds. 1999. Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World (2nd ed.). Frontiers of the state in the late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850–1921 . War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan . Folk traditions of the Arab world: A guide to motif classification . Erpenius and Golius made outstanding contributions to the development of Arabic studies by their teaching, their preparation of texts,..." * Porter Berkey, Jonathan (2003). Islam: A Concise Introduction . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Ethnic group inhabiting the Arab world "Arab" and "Arabians" redirect here. Ethnic group Arabs ( Arabic : عَرَب , DIN 31635 : ʿarab , Arabic: [ˈʕɑ.rɑb] ; sing. عَرَبِيٌّ , ʿarabiyyun , pronounced [ʕɑ.rɑˈbɪj.jʊn] ) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa . A significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world. Arabs have been in the Fertile Crescent for thousands of years. In the 9th century BCE, the Assyrians made written references to Arabs as inhabitants of the Levant , Mesopotamia , and Arabia . Throughout the Ancient Near East , Arabs established influential civilizations starting from 3000 BCE onwards, such as Dilmun , Gerrha , and Magan , playing a vital role in trade between Mesopotamia, and the Mediterranean . Other prominent tribes include Midian , ʿĀd , and Thamud mentioned in the Bible and Quran . Later, in 900 BCE, the Qedarites enjoyed close relations with the nearby Canaanite and Aramaean states, and their territory extended from Lower Egypt to the Southern Levant. From 1200 BCE to 110 BCE, powerful kingdoms emerged such as Saba , Lihyan , Minaean , Qataban , Hadhramaut , Awsan , and Homerite emerged in Arabia. According to the Abrahamic tradition, Arabs are descendants of Abraham through his son Ishmael . During classical antiquity , the Nabataeans established their kingdom with Petra as the capital in 300 BCE, by 271 CE, the Palmyrene Empire with the capital Palmyra , led by Queen Zenobia , encompassed the Syria Palaestina , Arabia Petraea , Egypt , and large parts of Anatolia . The Arab Itureans inhabited Lebanon , Syria , and northern Palestine ( Galilee ) during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The Osroene and Hatran were Arab kingdoms in Upper Mesopotamia around 200 CE. In 164 CE, the Sasanians recognized the Arabs as " Arbayistan ", meaning "land of the Arabs," as they were part of Adiabene in upper Mesopotamia. During late antiquity , the Tanukhids , Salihids , Lakhmids , Kinda , and Ghassanids were dominant Arab tribes in the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Arabia, they predominantly embraced Christianity . During the Middle Ages , Islam fostered a vast Arab union, leading to significant Arab migrations to the Maghreb , the Levant , and neighbouring territories under the rule of Arab empires such as the Rashidun , Umayyad , Abbasid , and Fatimid , ultimately leading to the decline of the Byzantine and Sasanian empires. At its peak, Arab territories stretched from southern France to western China , forming one of history's largest empires . The Great Arab Revolt in the early 20th century aided in dismantling the Ottoman Empire , ultimately leading to the formation of the Arab League on 22 March 1945, with its Charter endorsing the principle of a " unified Arab homeland ". Arabs from Morocco to Iraq share a common bond based on ethnicity, language , culture , history , identity , ancestry , nationalism , geography , unity , and politics , which give the region a distinct identity and distinguish it from other parts of the Muslim world . They also have their own customs, literature , music , dance , media , food , clothing , society, sports , architecture , art and, mythology . Arabs have significantly influenced and contributed to human progress in many fields, including science , technology , philosophy , ethics , literature , politics , business , art , music , comedy , theatre, cinema , architecture , food , medicine , and religion . Before Islam , most Arabs followed polytheistic Semitic religion , while some tribes adopted Judaism or Christianity and a few individuals, known as the hanifs , followed a form of monotheism . Currently, around 93% of Arabs are Muslims , while the rest are mainly Arab Christians , as well as Arab groups of Druze and Baháʼís . Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times . The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Contested Histories . IBGE | Biblioteca | Detalhes | Características étnico-raciais da população : classificações e identidades IBGE: Características Étnico-Raciais da População. Arab Regionalism: A Post-Structural Perspective . According to estimates by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), countersigned by the League of Arab States, Brazil has the largest Arab colony outside their countries of origin. There are estimated 15 million Arabs living in Brazil today, with some researchers suggesting numbers around 20 million. Government of Turkey. 11 November 2021 . "Colombia y Medio Oriente" . 26 April 2022 . "Brazil-Arab News Agency – Colombia awakens to the Arab world" . 6 July 2011. "Demographic characteristics – definitions and explanations (translation from Hebrerw into English)" . Israel Central Bureau of Statistics . The World Factbook (2019 ed.). The World Factbook (2013 ed.). Minority Rights Group . 19 June 2015 . "Anzahl der Ausländer in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland in den Jahren 2015 und 2016" . statista (in German). "Los musulmanes en España superan los 1,8 millones" . europapress.es (in Spanish). 30 March 2015 . Arab Mexicans are an important group within Mexican society. There are around 1,100,000 Mexican citizens of Arab descent, primarily of Lebanese, Syrian, Iraqi and Palestinian heritage. "Cittadini stranieri in Italia – 2021" . tuttitalia.it . "Más de 10 millones de libaneses empujan el crecimiento social y económico de América Latina" . infobae (in European Spanish) . Kenya National Bureau of Statistics . Understanding and Teaching the Modern Middle East . The Middle East in Transition: An Instructional Guide . The Arabs: a short history . The Arabs: a history (1st pbk. ed.). Three. : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) Shoup, John A. The Arab world society, culture, and state . The Cambridge Companion to Modern Arab Culture . Minority voting in the United States . Folk traditions of the Arab world: a guide to motif classification . Main characteristic and development trends of migration in the Arab world . The Ancient Arabs: nomads of the fertile crescent . Arabia and the Arabs . The Cambridge Ancient History . Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three . "The origin of the word "Arab" " . Arabs and Empires before Islam . Origen, in the third century, was the first Christian to identify the Ishmaelites with the Arabs, but he only does so in a cursory fashion "Thamud | History, Tribe, & Location | Britannica" . Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire . Oriens et Occidens – Band 21 : 143– 161. The Parthians: The Forgotten Empire . In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity . The Oxford Classical Dictionary . W. , Peter Brown and Oleg Grabar , eds. 1999. Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World (2nd ed.). Frontiers of the state in the late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850–1921 . War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan . The Muslim World After 9/11 . Folk traditions of the Arab world: A guide to motif classification . Erpenius and Golius made outstanding contributions to the development of Arabic studies by their teaching, their preparation of texts,..." * Porter Berkey, Jonathan (2003). Islam: A Concise Introduction . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).