In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the university of southern california”. Today it says “israeli-american biochemist and biophysicist”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2010 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2010
Arieh Warshel , member of the United States National Academy of Sciences , fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) is a professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Southern California . Known predominantly for his work on Computational biochemistry and biophysics , he is the originator of modern force field approaches where the use of Cartesian coordinates allowed the treatment of energy structure an vibrations of any molecule or molecular crystal as well as the refinement of force field by the so-called consistent force field (CFF) . The CFF code written with Michael Levitt has been the basis for basically all current biological molecular modeling programs (e.g., CHARMM , AMBER , GROMOS , DISCOVER etc.). Warshel and his coworkers have introduced the key approaches and concepts in modeling biological functions. These include the development of the simplified folding model , the introduction of MD simulations of Biological processes , and the introduction of the first description of the catalytic effect in an entire enzyme-substrate complex solvated by Langevin dipoles . This constituted the foundation of the combined quantum mechanical / molecular mechanics ( QM/MM ) method and of consistent modeling of enzymatic reactions . He clarified the relationship between reactions in solution and enzymes and established the catalytic role of preorganized active sites and introduced the empirical valence bond (EVB) for simulation dynamics and free energies of enzymatic reactions . Warshel introduced microscopically based thermodynamic cycles to studies of biological processes and was the first to introduce free energy perturbations (FEP) in studies of proteins , and thus, opened the way for microscopic free energy studies of protein functions. Warshel introduced microscopic calculations of electrostatic energies in proteins and demonstrated the overriding importance of electrostatic interactions in protein functions and paved the way for quantitative studies of electrostatic energies in macromolecules . Warshel A, Levitt M (1976). "Theoretical Studies of Enzymatic Reactions: Dielectric Electrostatic and Steric Stabilization of the Carbonium Ion in the Reaction of Lysozyme". The named reference "warshel" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page ). Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarum Scripta Varia . 55 : 60. PMID 2435316 . : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) Warshel A, Russell S T. PMID 17049320 . : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )1
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 370641313.
The opening as it stood in 2015 15 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Warshel at press conference at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, December 2013 Arieh Warshel ( ; born November 20, 1940) is an Israeli -American biochemist and biophysicist.He is a pioneer in computational studies on functional properties of biological molecules.Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry and holds the Dana and David Dornsife Chair in Chemistry at the University of Southern California .He received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry , together with Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"."The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013" (Press release).Attention: This template ( ) is deprecated.Attention: This template ( ) is deprecated.Attention: This template ( ) is deprecated.To cite the publication identified by PMID 24184197 , please use with | pmid = 24184197 instead.Attention: This template ( ) is deprecated.To cite the publication identified by PMID 24277833 , please use with | pmid = 24277833 instead.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 667159644.
The opening as it stood in 2020 6 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Warshel at press conference at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, December 2013 Arieh Warshel ( ; born November 20, 1940) is an Israeli - American biochemist and biophysicist . He is a pioneer in computational studies on functional properties of biological molecules, Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and holds the Dana and David Dornsife Chair in Chemistry at the University of Southern California . He received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry , together with Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems". "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013" (Press release). "Modellers react to chemistry award: Nobel Prize proves that theorists can measure up to experimenters" ."The Nobel Prize in chemistry 2013 for the development of multiscale models of complex chemical systems: A tribute to Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel" ."Profile of Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, and Arieh Warshel, 2013 nobel laureates in chemistry" .Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 110 (49): 19656– 7.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 961858614.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Israeli chemist, biochemist and biophysicist (born 1940) Warshel at press conference at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, December 2013 Arieh Warshel ( ; born November 20, 1940) is an Israeli-American biochemist and biophysicist . He is a pioneer in computational studies on functional properties of biological molecules , Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and holds the Dana and David Dornsife Chair in Chemistry at the University of Southern California . He received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry , together with Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems". "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013" (Press release). "Modellers react to chemistry award: Nobel Prize proves that theorists can measure up to experimenters" . "The Nobel Prize in chemistry 2013 for the development of multiscale models of complex chemical systems: A tribute to Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel" . "Profile of Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, and Arieh Warshel, 2013 nobel laureates in chemistry" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 110 (49): 19656– 7.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1175798400.
The opening as it stood in 2025
Israeli chemist, biochemist and biophysicist (born 1940) Warshel at press conference at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, December 2013 Arieh Warshel ( Hebrew : אריה ורשל ; born November 20, 1940) is an Israeli-American biochemist and biophysicist . He is a pioneer in computational studies on functional properties of biological molecules , Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and holds the Dana and David Dornsife Chair in Chemistry at the University of Southern California . He received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry , together with Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems". "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013" (Press release). "Modellers react to chemistry award: Nobel Prize proves that theorists can measure up to experimenters" . "The Nobel Prize in chemistry 2013 for the development of multiscale models of complex chemical systems: A tribute to Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel" . "Profile of Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, and Arieh Warshel, 2013 nobel laureates in chemistry" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 110 (49): 19656– 7.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1291929344. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the university of southern california”. Today it says “israeli-american biochemist and biophysicist”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2010, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the university of southern california
Now
israeli-american biochemist and biophysicist
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
