Wikipedia's first sentence called it “important game theorist who is interested in developing economic theories of language”. Today it says “professor emeritus of economics at tel aviv university and a professor of economics at new york university”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
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The opening as it read in 2010
Ariel Rubinstein Ariel Rubinstein ( Hebrew : אריאל רובינשטיין) (born April 13, 1951) is an Israeli economist who works in game theory . He was educated at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 1972-1979, in both mathematics and economics . He is currently (2006) a professor of economics with the School of Economics at Tel Aviv University and with the Department of Economics at New York University . In 1982, he published "Perfect equilibrium in a bargaining model", an important contribution to the theory of bargaining . The model is known also as a Rubinstein bargaining model . It describes two-person bargaining as an extensive game with perfect information in which the players alternate offers. A key assumption is that the players are impatient. The main result gives conditions under which the game has a unique subgame perfect equilibrium and characterizes this equilibrium.1
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 370396053.
The opening as it stood in 2005
Ariel Rubinstein is an important game theorist who is interested in developing economic theories of language, Ariel Rubinstein is currently associated with Tel Aviv University and New York University .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 17315379.
The opening as it stood in 2015 7 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Ariel Rubinstein ( Hebrew : אריאל רובינשטיין) (born April 13, 1951) is an Israeli economist who works in Economic Theory, Game Theory and Bounded Rationality .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 660495899.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Israeli economist (born 1951) Ariel Rubinstein ( Hebrew : אריאל רובינשטיין; born April 13, 1951) is an Israeli economist who works in economic theory, game theory and bounded rationality .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1156812307. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “important game theorist who is interested in developing economic theories of language”. Today it says “professor emeritus of economics at tel aviv university and a professor of economics at new york university”. Read the current article and compare.
2005
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2005, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
important game theorist who is interested in developing economic theories of language
Now
professor emeritus of economics at tel aviv university and a professor of economics at new york university
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
