Battle of Karbala

The Battle of Karbala took place on Muharram 10, in the year 61 of the Islamic calendar (October 10, 680) in Karbala , in present day Iraq . On one side were supporters and relatives of Muhammad's grandson Hussein ibn Ali , on the other side was a military detachment from the forces of Yazid I , the Umayyad caliph .

( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Belligerents The Umayyads Hussain of Banu Hashim Commanders and leaders Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad Umar ibn Sa'ad Shimr ibn Thil-Jawshan Al-Hurr ibn Yazid al Tamimi (left his army and joined Hussein during the battle) † Hussein ibn Ali † Al-Abbas ibn Ali † Habib ibn Muzahir † Zuhayr ibn Qayn † Strength 4,000 or 5,000 (at least) - 30,000 or 100,000 (at most) 70-150 (general consensus 110; including six-month-old baby). The common number '72' comes from the number of heads severed. A Hurr was originally one of the commanders of Ibn Ziyad's army but changed allegiance to Hussein along with his son, slave and brother on 10 Muharram 61 AH, October 10, 680 AD The Battle of Karbala took place on Muharram 10, in the year 61 AH of the Islamic calendar (October 10, 680 AD) in Karbala , situated in present day Iraq . The battle was between a small group of supporters and relatives of Muhammad 's grandson Hussein ibn Ali , and a much larger military detachment from the forces of Yazid I , the Umayyad caliph , to whom Hussein had refused to give an oath of allegiance. Hussein and all his supporters were killed, including Hussein's six-month-old infant son, Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn , with the women and children taken as prisoners. The dead are regarded as martyrs by both Sunni and Shia Muslims , and the battle has a central place in Shia history and tradition, and has frequently been recounted in Shia Islamic literature . The Battle of Karbala is commemorated during an annual 10-day period held every Muharram by Shia, and Alevi culminating on its tenth day, known as the Day of Ashura . Shia Muslims commemorate these events by mourning , holding public processions, organizing majlis , striking the chest and in some cases self-flagellation . The History of al-Tabari , volume 19, translated by IKA Howard, pub State University of New York Press, p163.

The Battle of Karbala was fought on 10 October 680 (10 Muharram in the year 61 AH of the Islamic calendar ) between the army of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I and a small army led by Husayn ibn Ali , the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , at Karbala , Iraq . Prior to his death, the Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I had nominated his son Yazid as his successor. Yazid's nomination was contested by the sons of a few prominent companions of Muhammad, including Husayn, son of the fourth caliph Ali , and Abd Allah ibn Zubayr , son of Zubayr ibn al-Awam . Upon Muawiyah's death in 680 CE, Yazid demanded allegiance from Husayn and other dissidents. Husayn did not give allegiance and traveled to Mecca . The people of Kufa , an Iraqi garrison town and the center of Ali's caliphate, were averse to the Syria -based Umayyad caliphs and had a long-standing attachment to the house of Ali. They proposed Husayn overthrow the Umayyads. On Husayn's way to Kufa with a retinue of about 70 men, his caravan was intercepted by a 1,000-strong army of the caliph at some distance from Kufa. He was forced to head north and encamp in the plain of Karbala on 2 October, where a larger Umayyad army of 4,000 arrived soon afterwards. Negotiations failed after the Umayyad governor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad refused Husayn safe passage without submitting to his authority, a condition declined by Husayn. The Battle of Karbala ensued on 10 October during which Husayn was killed along with most of his relatives and companions, while his surviving family members were taken prisoner. The battle was followed by the Second Fitna , during which the Iraqis organized two separate campaigns to avenge the death of Husayn; the first one by the Tawwabin and the other one by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and his supporters. The Battle of Karbala galvanized the development of the pro- Alid party ( Shi'at Ali ) into a unique religious sect with its own rituals and collective memory. It has a central place in the Shi'a history, tradition, and theology, and has frequently been recounted in Shi'a literature . It also provides the members of the Shi'a faith with a catalog of heroic norms. The battle is commemorated during an annual ten-day period during the Islamic month of Muharram by Shi'a, culminating on tenth day of the month, known as the Day of Ashura . On this day, Shi'a Muslims mourn, hold public processions, organize religious gathering, beat their chests and in some cases self-flagellate . Sunni Muslims likewise regard the incident as a historical tragedy; Husayn and his companions are widely regarded as martyrs by both Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Battle in 680 between Umar ibn Sa'd and Husayn ibn Ali For other uses, see Battle of Karbala (disambiguation) . The Battle of Karbala ( ) was fought on 10 October 680 (10 Muharram in the year 61 AH of the Islamic calendar ) between the army of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I ( r. 680–683 ) and a small army led by Husayn ibn Ali , the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , at Karbala , Sawad (modern-day southern Iraq ). Prior to his death, the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I ( r. 661–680 ) had nominated his son Yazid as his successor. Yazid's nomination was contested by the sons of a few prominent companions of Muhammad, including Husayn, son of the fourth caliph Ali , and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr , son of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam . Upon Mu'awiya's death in 680, Yazid demanded allegiance from Husayn and other dissidents. Husayn did not give allegiance and traveled to Mecca . The people of Kufa , an Iraqi garrison town and the center of Ali's caliphate, were averse to the Syria -based Umayyad caliphs and had a long-standing attachment to the house of Ali. They proposed Husayn overthrow the Umayyads. On Husayn's way to Kufa with a retinue of about 70 men, his caravan was intercepted by a 1,000-strong army of the caliph at some distance from Kufa. He was forced to head north and encamp in the plain of Karbala on 2 October, where a larger Umayyad army of 4,000 arrived soon afterwards. Negotiations failed after the Umayyad governor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad refused Husayn safe passage without submitting to his authority, a condition declined by Husayn. Battle ensued on 10 October during which Husayn was killed along with most of his relatives and companions, while his surviving family members were taken prisoner. The battle was the start of the Second Fitna , during which the Iraqis organized two separate campaigns to avenge the death of Husayn; the first one by the Tawwabin and the other one by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and his supporters. The Battle of Karbala galvanized the development of the pro- Alid party ( Shi'at Ali ) into a unique religious sect with its own rituals and collective memory. It has a central place in Shi'a history, tradition, and theology, and has frequently been recounted in Shi'a literature . It also provides the members of the Shi'a faith with a catalog of heroic norms. The battle is commemorated during an annual ten-day period during the Islamic month of Muharram by Shi'a, culminating on tenth day of the month, known as the Day of Ashura . On this day, Shi'a Muslims mourn, hold public processions, organize religious gathering, beat their chests and in some cases self-flagellate . Sunni Muslims likewise regard the incident as a historical tragedy; Husayn and his companions are widely regarded as martyrs by both Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Battle in 680 between Umar ibn Sa'd and Husayn ibn Ali For other uses, see Battle of Karbala (disambiguation) . The Battle of Karbala ( Arabic : مَعْرَكَة كَرْبَلَاء , romanized : maʿraka Karbalāʾ ) was fought on 10 October 680 (10 Muharram in the year 61 AH of the Islamic calendar ) between the army of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I ( r. 680–683 ) and a small army led by Husayn ibn Ali , the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , at Karbala , Sawad (modern-day southern Iraq ). Prior to his death, the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I ( r. 661–680 ) had nominated his son Yazid as his successor. Yazid's nomination was contested by the sons of a few prominent companions of Muhammad, including Husayn, son of the fourth caliph Ali , and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr , son of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam . Upon Mu'awiya's death in 680, Yazid demanded allegiance from Husayn and other dissidents. Husayn did not give allegiance and traveled to Mecca . The people of Kufa , an Iraqi garrison town and the center of Ali's caliphate, were averse to the Syria -based Umayyad caliphs and had a long-standing attachment to the house of Ali. They proposed Husayn overthrow the Umayyads. On Husayn's way to Kufa with a retinue of about 70 men, his caravan was intercepted by a 1,000-strong army of the caliph at some distance from Kufa. He was forced to head north and encamp in the plain of Karbala on 2 October, where a larger Umayyad army of 4,000 arrived soon afterwards. Negotiations failed after the Umayyad governor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad refused Husayn safe passage without submitting to his authority, a condition declined by Husayn. Battle ensued on 10 October during which Husayn was killed along with most of his relatives and companions, while his surviving family members were taken prisoner. The battle was the start of the Second Fitna , during which the Iraqis organized two separate campaigns to avenge the death of Husayn; the first one by the Tawwabin and the other one by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and his supporters. The Battle of Karbala galvanized the development of the pro- Alid party ( Shi'at Ali ) into a distinct religious sect with its own rituals and collective memory . It has a central place in Shi'a history, tradition, and theology, and has frequently been recounted in Shi'a literature . It also provides the members of the Shi'a faith with a catalog of heroic norms. The battle is commemorated during an annual ten-day period during the Islamic month of Muharram by Shi'a, culminating on tenth day of the month, known as the Day of Ashura . On this day, Shi'a Muslims mourn, hold public processions, organize religious gathering, beat their chests and in some cases self-flagellate . Sunni Muslims likewise regard the incident as a historical tragedy; Husayn and his companions are widely regarded as martyrs by both Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).