Wikipedia's first sentence called it “distinguished american jurist who is remembered not only for his landmark decisions on negligence but also his”. Today it says “american lawyer and jurist who served on the new york court of appeals from 1914 to 1932 and as an associate ju”.
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Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
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The opening as it read in 2020
Benjamin Nathan Cardozo (May 24, 1870 – July 9, 1938) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States . Previously, he had served as the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals .1Cardozo is remembered for his significant influence on the development of American common law in the 20th century, in addition to his philosophy and vivid prose style.2 Born in New York City , Cardozo passed the bar in 1891 after attending Columbia Law School . He won an election to the New York Supreme Court in 1913 but joined the New York Court of Appeals the following year. He won election as Chief Judge of that court in 1926. In 1932, President Herbert Hoover appointed Cardozo to the Supreme Court to succeed Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.3 Cardozo served on the Court until his death in 1938, and formed part of the liberal bloc of justices known as the Three Musketeers . He wrote the Court's majority opinion in notable cases such as Nixon v. Condon and Steward Machine Co. v.4
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 964823482.
The opening as it stood in 2005
Cardozo Benjamin Nathan Cardozo ( May 24 , 1870 – July 9 , 1938 ) was a distinguished American jurist who is remembered not only for his landmark decisions on negligence but also his modesty and philosophy.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 17935506.
The opening as it stood in 2010 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Cardozo is remembered for his significant influence on the development of American common law in the 20th century, in addition to his modesty, philosophy, and vivid prose style.Although Cardozo only served on the Supreme Court from 1932 until his death six years later, the majority of his landmark decisions were delivered during his eighteen year tenure on the New York Court of Appeals , the highest court of that state."Federal Judicial Center: Benjamin Cardozo" . 2009-12-12 .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 370814846.
The opening as it stood in 2015
Benjamin Nathan Cardozo (May 24, 1870 – July 9, 1938) was an American jurist who served on the New York Court of Appeals and later as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court . Cardozo is remembered for his significant influence on the development of American common law in the 20th century, in addition to his philosophy and vivid prose style. Cardozo served on the Supreme Court six years, from 1932 until his death in 1938. Many of his landmark decisions were delivered during his eighteen-year tenure on the New York Court of Appeals , the highest court of that state. "Federal Judicial Center: Benjamin Cardozo" . 2009-12-12 .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 669084709.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
US Supreme Court justice from 1932 to 1938 Benjamin Nathan Cardozo (May 24, 1870 – July 9, 1938) was an American lawyer and jurist who served on the New York Court of Appeals from 1914 to 1932 and as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1932 until his death in 1938. Cardozo is remembered for his significant influence on the development of American common law in the 20th century, in addition to his philosophy and vivid prose style. Born in New York City , Cardozo passed the bar in 1891 after attending Columbia Law School . He won an election to the New York Supreme Court in 1913 but joined the New York Court of Appeals the following year. He won election as Chief Judge of that court in 1926. As Chief Judge, he wrote majority opinions on cases such as Palsgraf v. Cardozo served on the Court until his death in 1938, and formed part of the liberal bloc of justices known as the Three Musketeers . He wrote the Court's majority opinion in notable cases such as Nixon v. Condon and Steward Machine Co. v.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1176429599.
The opening as it stood in 2025
US Supreme Court justice from 1932 to 1938 Benjamin Nathan Cardozo (May 24, 1870 – July 9, 1938) was an American lawyer and jurist who served on the New York Court of Appeals from 1914 to 1932 and as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1932 until his death in 1938. Cardozo is remembered for his significant influence on the development of American common law in the 20th century, as well as for his philosophy and vivid prose style. Born in New York City , Cardozo passed the bar in 1891 after attending Columbia Law School . He won an election to the New York Supreme Court in 1913 but was appointed to the New York Court of Appeals the following year. He won election as chief judge of that court in 1926. As chief judge, he wrote majority opinions in cases such as Palsgraf v. Cardozo served on the Court until his death in 1938 and formed part of the liberal bloc of justices known as the Three Musketeers . He wrote the Court's majority opinion in notable cases such as Nixon v. Condon (1932) and Steward Machine Co. v.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1293640187. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “distinguished american jurist who is remembered not only for his landmark decisions on negligence but also his”. Today it says “american lawyer and jurist who served on the new york court of appeals from 1914 to 1932 and as an associate ju”. Read the current article and compare.
2005
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
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What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2005, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
distinguished american jurist who is remembered not only for his landmark decisions on negligence but also his
Now
american lawyer and jurist who served on the new york court of appeals from 1914 to 1932 and as an associate ju
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
