Canaan

Map of Canaan This article is about the land called Canaan. Canaan or Kná'an ( Arabic کنعان , Kanʻān , Hebrew כְּנַעַן / כְּנָעַן , Kənáʻan / Kənāʻan ; Septuagint Greek Χανααν , Khanaan ) is an ancient term for a region roughly corresponding to present-day Israel , the West Bank , western Jordan , southern Syria and southern Lebanon . According to the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, there were five places where "new" evidence on Canaanite culture had been obtained, including Tell-el-Hasy , eventually identified with the Lachish of the Old Testament, where excavations were made in 1890 - 1892 by Flinders Petrie and Bliss; and Gezer , identified with the Gezer of I Kings x. 16., where RAS Macalister began excavating in 1902 . The Canaanite town of Ugarit was rediscovered in 1928 , and much of our modern knowledge about the Canaanites stems from excavation in this area.

Map of the southern part of Canaan Canaan ( Phoenician : or 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 , Kanaʻn ; Hebrew : Kənáʻan ; Arabic : كنعان Kanʻān ) is an ancient term for a region encompassing modern-day Israel , Lebanon , the Palestinian Territories , plus adjoining coastal lands and parts of Jordan , Syria and northeastern Egypt . In the Hebrew Bible , the "Land of Canaan" extends from Lebanon southward across Gaza to the " Brook of Egypt " and eastward to the Jordan River Valley , thus including modern Israel and the Palestinian Territories . In far ancient times, the southern area included various ethnic groups . The Amarna Letters found in Ancient Egypt mention Canaan ( Akkadian : Kinaḫḫu ) in connection with Gaza and other cities along the Phoenician coast and into Upper Galilee . Many earlier Egyptian sources also make mention of numerous military campaigns conducted in Ka-na-na , just inside Asia . Various Canaanite sites have been excavated by archaeologists. Canaanites spoke Canaanite languages , closely related to other West Semitic languages . Canaanites are mentioned in the Bible , Mesopotamian and Ancient Egyptian texts . Although the residents of ancient Ugarit in modern Syria do not seem to have considered themselves Canaanite, and did not speak a Canaanite language (but one that was closely related, the Ugaritic language ), archaeologists have considered the site, which was rediscovered in 1928, as quintessentially Canaanite. Much of the modern knowledge about the Canaanites stems from excavation in this area. Canaanite culture apparently developed in situ from the Circum-Arabian Nomadic Pastoral Complex, which in turn developed from a fusion of Harifian hunter gatherers with Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) farming cultures, practicing animal domestication, during the 6,200 BC climatic crisis . (1998), "Canaanites" (British Museum People of the Past) Zarins, Juris (1992), "Pastoral nomadism in Arabia: ethnoarchaeology and the archaeological record—a case study" in O.

Semitic-speaking region in the Ancient Near East "Canaanites" and "Land of Canaan" redirect here. Region A 1692 depiction of Canaan, by Philip Lea Canaan ( / ˈ k eɪ n ən / ; Northwest Semitic : knaʿn ; Phoenician : 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 – Kenāʿan ; – Kənáʿan , in pausa – Kənā́ʿan ; – Khanaan ; – Kan‘ān ) was a Semitic -speaking civilization and region in the Ancient Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC . The name Canaan appears throughout the Bible , where it corresponds to the Levant , in particular to the areas of the Southern Levant that provide the main setting of the narrative of the Bible: Phoenicia , Philistia , Israel , and other nations. The word Canaanites serves as an ethnic catch-all term covering various indigenous populations—both settled and nomadic-pastoral groups—throughout the regions of the southern Levant or Canaan. It is by far the most frequently used ethnic term in the Bible. In the Book of Joshua , Canaanites are included in a list of nations to exterminate , and later described as a group which the Israelites had annihilated. Biblical scholar Mark Smith notes that archaeological data suggests "that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature." The name "Canaanites" is attested, many centuries later, as the endonym of the people later known to the Ancient Greeks from c. 500 BC as Phoenicians, and after the emigration of Canaanite-speakers to Carthage (founded in the 9th century BC), was also used as a self-designation by the Punics ( chanani ) of North Africa during Late Antiquity . Canaan had significant geopolitical importance in the Late Bronze Age Amarna period (14th century BC) as the area where the spheres of interest of the Egyptian , Hittite , Mitanni and Assyrian Empires converged. Much of modern knowledge about Canaan stems from archaeological excavation in this area at sites such as Tel Hazor , Tel Megiddo , En Esur , and Gezer . The current scholarly edition of the Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta : id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes. 2. ed. / recogn. et emendavit Robert Hanhart. However, in modern Greek the accentuation is Xαναάν, while the current (28th) scholarly edition of the New Testament has Xανάαν. Canaanite is by far the most common ethnic term in the Hebrew Bible. The pattern of polemics suggests that most Israelites knew that they had a shared common remote ancestry and once common culture. In the ideology of the book of Joshua, the Canaanites are included in the list of nations requiring extermination (3:10; 9:1; 24:11). Throughout the area that we—with the Greek speakers—prefer to call 'Phoenicia', the inhabitants in the first millennium BC called themselves 'Canaanites'. Despite the long regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now casts doubt on this view. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 1200 – 1000 BC). The record would suggest that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature. Given the information available, one cannot maintain a radical cultural separation between Canaanites and Israelites for the Iron I period.

Region in the ancient Near East "Land of Canaan" redirects here. Historical region Canaan ( / ˈ k eɪ n ən / ; Phoenician : 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 – KNʿN ; – Kənáʿan , in pausa כְּנָעַן – Kənāʿan ; – Khanaan ; – Kan‘ān ) was a Semitic -speaking civilization and region of the Southern Levant in the Ancient Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC . Canaan had significant geopolitical importance in the Late Bronze Age Amarna Period (14th century BC) as the area where the spheres of interest of the Egyptian , Hittite , Mitanni and Assyrian Empires converged or overlapped. Much of present-day knowledge about Canaan stems from archaeological excavation in this area at sites such as Tel Hazor , Tel Megiddo , En Esur , and Gezer . The name "Canaan" appears throughout the Bible as a geography associated with the " Promised Land ". The demonym "Canaanites" serves as an ethnic catch-all term covering various indigenous populations—both settled and nomadic-pastoral groups—throughout the regions of the southern Levant or Canaan. It is by far the most frequently used ethnic term in the Bible. Biblical scholar Mark Smith , citing archaeological findings, suggests "that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature." The name "Canaanites" is attested, many centuries later, as the endonym of the people later known to the Ancient Greeks from c. 500 BC as Phoenicians , and after the emigration of Phoenicians and Canaanite-speakers to Carthage (founded in the 9th century BC), was also used as a self-designation by the Punics (as "Chanani" ) of North Africa during Late Antiquity . The current scholarly edition of the Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta : id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes. 2. ed. / recogn. et emendavit Robert Hanhart. However, in modern Greek the accentuation is Xαναάν , while the current (28th) scholarly edition of the New Testament has Xανάαν . Canaanite is by far the most common ethnic term in the Hebrew Bible. The pattern of polemics suggests that most Israelites knew that they had a shared common remote ancestry and once common culture. Despite the long regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now casts doubt on this view. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period ( c. 1200–1000 BC). The record would suggest that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature. Given the information available, one cannot maintain a radical cultural separation between Canaanites and Israelites for the Iron I period. The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship . Throughout the area that we—with the Greek speakers—prefer to call 'Phoenicia', the inhabitants in the first millennium BC called themselves 'Canaanites'. Carmel, however, after the Bronze Age ended references to 'Canaan' as a present phenomenon dwindle almost to nothing (the Hebrew Bible of course makes frequent mention of 'Canaan' and 'Canaanites', but regularly as a land that had become something else, and as a people who had been annihilated)."

Region in the ancient Near East For other uses, see Canaan (disambiguation) . Canaan was an ancient Semitic-speaking civilization and region of the Southern Levant during the late 2nd millennium BC . Canaan had significant geopolitical importance in the Late Bronze Age Amarna Period (14th century BC) as the area where the spheres of interest of the Egyptian , Hittite , Mitanni , and Assyrian Empires converged or overlapped. Much of present-day knowledge about Canaan stems from archaeological excavation in this area at sites such as Tel Hazor , Tel Megiddo , En Esur , and Gezer . The name "Canaan" appears throughout the Bible as a geography associated with the " Promised Land ". The demonym "Canaanites" serves as an ethnic catch-all term covering various indigenous populations—both settled and nomadic-pastoral groups—throughout the regions of the southern Levant . It is by far the most frequently used ethnic term in the Bible . Biblical scholar Mark Smith , citing archaeological findings, suggests "that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture ... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature." The name "Canaanites" is attested, many centuries later, as the endonym of the people later known to the Ancient Greeks from c. 500 BC as Phoenicians , and after the emigration of Phoenicians and Canaanite-speakers to Carthage (founded in the 9th century BC), was also used as a self-designation by the Punics (as "Chanani" ) of North Africa during Late Antiquity . There are <ref group=lower-roman> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ). The current scholarly edition of the Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta : id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interprets. 2. ed. / recogn. et emendavit Robert Hanhart. However, in modern Greek, the accentuation is Xαναάν , while the current (28th) scholarly edition of the New Testament has Xανάαν . Canaanite is by far the most common ethnic term in the Hebrew Bible. The pattern of polemics suggests that most Israelites knew that they had a shared common remote ancestry and once common culture. Despite the long regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now casts doubt on this view. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period ( c. 1200–1000 BC). The record would suggest that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature. Given the information available, one cannot maintain a radical cultural separation between Canaanites and Israelites for the Iron I period. Throughout the area that we—with the Greek speakers—prefer to call 'Phoenicia', the inhabitants in the first millennium BC called themselves 'Canaanites'. Carmel, however, after the Bronze Age ended references to 'Canaan' as a present phenomenon dwindle almost to nothing (the Hebrew Bible of course makes frequent mention of 'Canaan' and 'Canaanites', but regularly as a land that had become something else, and as a people who had been annihilated)."