Wikipedia's first sentence called it “related as second cousins or closer)”. Today it says “form of consanguinity”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2025 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2025
Consanguineous relationships in the Middle East Global prevalence of consanguinity up to second cousins or closer Activities Bonding Courtship Dating Engagement Bachelor's Day Mating Meet market Romance Singles event Wedding Endings Breakup Ghosting Legal / marital separation Annulment Divorce Widowhood Emotions and feelings Affinity Attachment Intimacy Jealousy Love Friend zone Passionate and companionate Platonic Romance Romantic friendship Unconditional Passion Sexuality Non-romantic friendship Alliance Cross-sex Female Male Practices Bride price dower dowry service Homogamy Hypergamy Infidelity Sexual activity Transgression Repression Abuse Child Dating Domestic Elderly Narcissistic parent Controlling behavior Stalking v t e Cousin marriage is a form of consanguinity (marriages among couples who are related as second cousins or closer). While consanguinity is not unique to the Arab world, Arab countries have had "some of the highest rates of consanguineous marriages in the world". The bint 'amm marriage , or marriage with one's father's brother's daughter ( bint al-'amm ) is especially common, especially in tribal and traditional Muslim communities, where men and women seldom meet potential spouses outside the extended family. Rates of cousin marriage in the Middle East have been found to vary from 29% in Egypt to nearly 58% in Saudi Arabia. Western anthropologists have debated the significance of the practice; some view it as the defining feature of the Middle Eastern kinship system while others note that overall rates of cousin marriage have varied sharply between different Middle Eastern communities. In pre-modern times rates of cousin marriage were seldom recorded. In recent times, geneticists have warned that the tradition of cousin marriage over centuries has led to increased numbers of people with recessive genetic disorders , due to inbreeding . The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State . The New York Times . PMID 31793205 . : CS1 maint: article number as page number ( link )
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 1297711108.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Anthropologists have debated the significance of the practice; some view it as the defining feature of the Middle Eastern kinship system while others note that overall rates of cousin marriage have varied sharply between different Middle Eastern communities. There is very little numerical evidence of rates of cousin marriage in the past. In many cases there is not only a preference but a right to marry the father's brother's daughter, wherein if the girl's family wishes to marry her to anyone else they must first get the permission of the father's brother's son. This custom may be upheld even despite a great age difference between cousins.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 366962988.
The opening as it stood in 2015
Anthropologists have debated the significance of the practice; some view it as the defining feature of the Middle Eastern kinship system while others note that overall rates of cousin marriage have varied sharply between different Middle Eastern communities. There is very little numerical evidence of rates of cousin marriage in the past. In many cases there is not only a preference but a right to marry the father's brother 's daughter, wherein if the girl's family wishes to marry her to anyone else they must first get the permission of the father's brother's son. This custom may be upheld even despite a great age difference between cousins.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 669286149.
The opening as it stood in 2020 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
The bint 'amm marriage , or marriage with one's father's brother's daughter ( bint al-'amm ) is especially common, especially in tribal and traditional communities. Anthropologists have debated the significance of the practice; some view it as the defining feature of the Middle Eastern kinship system while others note that overall rates of cousin marriage have varied sharply between different Middle Eastern communities. There is very little numerical evidence of rates of cousin marriage in the past.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 950687620.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Global prevalence of consanguinity up to second cousins or closer Activities Bonding Courtship Dating Engagement Bachelor's Day Mating Meet market Romance Singles event Wedding Endings Breakup Ghosting Legal / marital separation Annulment Divorce Widowhood Emotions and feelings Affinity Attachment Intimacy Jealousy Love Friend zone Passionate and companionate Platonic Romance Romantic friendship Unconditional Passion Sexuality Non-romantic friendship Alliance Cross-sex Female Male Practices Bride price dower dowry service Homogamy Hypergamy Infidelity Sexual activity Transgression Repression Abuse Child Dating Domestic Elderly Narcissistic parent Controlling behavior Stalking v t e Cousin marriage , a form of consanguinity (marriages among couples who are related as second cousins or closer).As of 2003, an average of 45% of married couples were related in the Arab world.While consanguinity is not unique to the Arab or Islamic world, Arab countries have had "some of the highest rates of consanguineous marriages in the world".The bint 'amm marriage , or marriage with one's father's brother's daughter ( bint al-'amm ) is especially common, especially in tribal and traditional Muslim communities, where men and women seldom meet potential spouses outside the extended family. Anthropologists have debated the significance of the practice; some view it as the defining feature of the Middle Eastern kinship system while others note that overall rates of cousin marriage have varied sharply between different Middle Eastern communities. In pre-modern times rates of cousin marriage were seldom recorded.In recent times, geneticists have warned that the tradition of cousin marriage over centuries has led to recessive genetic disorders.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1174010744.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “related as second cousins or closer)”. Today it says “form of consanguinity”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since October 7, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
related as second cousins or closer)
Now
form of consanguinity
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.