Criticism of Islam

Criticism of Islam has existed since Islam 's formative stages. Early written criticism came from Christians , prior to the 9th century, many of whom viewed Islam as a radical Christian heresy . Later there appeared criticism from the Muslim world itself, and also from Jewish writers and from ecclesiastical Christians. Objects of criticism include the morality of the life of Muhammad , the prophet of Islam , both in his public and personal life. Issues relating to the authenticity and morality of the Qur'an , the Islamic holy book, are also discussed by critics. Other criticisms focus on the question of human rights in modern Islamic nations, and the treatment of women in Islamic law and practice. In wake of the recent " multiculturalism " trend, Islam's influence on the ability of Muslim immigrants in the West to assimilate has been criticized , . De Haeresibus by John of Damascus . Patrologia Graeca , vol. 94, 1864, cols 763-73. Ibn Kammuna, Examination of the Three Faiths , trans. The New York Review of Books . Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach (1st ed.).

Criticism of the current or historical Islamic religion, its actions, teachings, omissions, structure, or nature "Opposition to Islam" redirects here. Criticism of Islam is broadly defined as criticism of the Islamic religion in its beliefs, principles, or any other ideas attributed to Islam. Criticism of Islam has existed since Islam's formative stages. Early written disapprovals came from Christians and Jews as well as from some former Muslims such as Ibn al-Rawandi . Later the Muslim world itself suffered criticism. Western criticism has grown in the 21st century especially after the September 11 attacks and other terrorist incidents . As of 2014, about a quarter of the world's countries and territories (26%) had anti-blasphemy and anti- apostasy laws or policies, of which 13 nations, all of which were Muslim majority nations, had the death penalty for apostasy. Objects of criticism include the morality of the life of Muhammad , the founder of Islam , both in his public and personal life. Issues relating to the authenticity and morality of the scriptures of Islam, both the Quran and the hadiths , are also discussed by critics. Islam has also been viewed as a form of Arab imperialism and has received criticism by figures from Africa and India for what they perceive as the destruction of indigenous cultures. Islam's recognition of slavery as an institution , which led to Muslim traders exporting as many as 17 million slaves to the coast of the Indian Ocean , the Middle East , and North Africa , has also been criticized. The Shafi'i version of Islam has received criticism for advocating female genital mutilation and introducing this practice to Southeast Asia , where it was previously nonexistent. The harmful effects of Islamic fasting on social, economic and health related aspects of regular human life have also been discussed. Another criticism focuses on the question of human rights in the Islamic world , both historically and in modern Islamic nations, including the treatment of women , LGBT people, and religious and ethnic minorities, as evinced in Islamic law and practice. In the wake of the recent multiculturalism trend, Islam's influence on the ability or willingness of Muslim immigrants to assimilate in the Western world , and in other countries such as India and Russia, has been criticized. De Haeresibus by John of Damascus . Patrologia Graeca , vol. 94, 1864, cols 763–73. Ibn Kammuna, Examination of the Three Faiths , trans. The New York Times . Which countries still outlaw apostasy and blasphemy? , Pew Research Center , 29 July 2016. Islamic Imperialism: A History . The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World . Focus on the slave trade , in BBC News . Self-Determination and Women's Rights in Muslim Societies . Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam . The New York Review of Books . Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach (1st ed.). Ghosh claimed Muslim immigrants in India are now attacking Hindus and forcibly seeking to convert Hindu girls to Islam. He has demanded that the Indian government halt illegal immigration from Bangladesh and deport undocumented Muslims back to Bangladesh. "Tatarstan: The Battle over Islam in Russia's Heartland" . 2013. Russia and Islam: State, Society and Radicalism .

Criticism of Islam is questioning or challenging the beliefs, practices, and doctrines of Islam . Criticism of Islam can take many forms, including academic critiques, political criticism, and personal opinions. Criticism of Islam has existed since Islam's formative stages. Early written disapprovals came from Christians and Jews as well as from some former Muslims such as Ibn al-Rawandi . Later the Muslim world itself received criticism. Western criticism of Islam grew after the September 11 attacks and other terrorist incidents . Objects of criticism include the morality of the life of Muhammad , the founder of Islam, in both his public and personal lives. Issues relating to the authenticity and morality of the scriptures of Islam , both the Quran and the hadiths , are also discussed by critics. Islam has also been viewed as a form of Arab imperialism and has received criticism by figures from Africa and India for the destruction of indigenous cultures. Islam's recognition of slavery as an institution , which led to Muslim traders exporting as many as 17 million slaves to the coast of the Indian Ocean , the Middle East , and North Africa , has also been criticized. The Shafi'i version of Islam has received criticism for advocating female genital mutilation and introducing this practice to Southeast Asia , where it was previously nonexistent. More recently, Islamic beliefs regarding human origins , predestination , God's existence and nature , have received criticism for their apparent philosophical and scientific inconsistencies. Another criticism focuses on the question of human rights in the Islamic world , both historically and in modern Islamic nations, including the treatment of women , LGBT people, and religious and ethnic minorities, as shown in Islamic law and practice. As of 2014, about a quarter of the world's countries and territories (26%) had anti-blasphemy and (13%) had anti- apostasy laws or policies. In 2017, 13 nations, all of which were Muslim majority nations, had the death penalty for apostasy or blasphemy. In the wake of the recent multiculturalism trend, Islam's influence on the ability or willingness of Muslim immigrants to assimilate in the host nations has been criticized. Assimilationist arguments have also been made in other countries where Muslims are a substantial minority, such as China , India and Russia . De Haeresibus by John of Damascus . Patrologia Graeca , vol. 94, 1864, cols 763–73. Ibn Kammuna, Examination of the Three Faiths , trans. Islamic Imperialism: A History . The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World . Focus on the slave trade , in BBC News . Self-Determination and Women's Rights in Muslim Societies . Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam . The Ideology of Religious Studies . [...] this book consists mainly of a critique of the concept of religion [...]. A New Translation; Preface: Voltaire and Islam" . Which countries still outlaw apostasy and blasphemy? , Pew Research Center , 29 July 2016. The New York Review of Books . Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach (1st ed.). International Business Times . 6 February 2012 . "Tatarstan: The Battle over Islam in Russia's Heartland" . 2013. Russia and Islam: State, Society and Radicalism .

Criticism of Islam can take many forms, including academic critiques, political criticism, religious criticism, and personal opinions. Subjects of criticism include Islamic beliefs, practices, and doctrines. Criticism of Islam has been present since its formative stages, and early expressions of disapproval were made by Christians , Jews , and some former Muslims like Ibn al-Rawandi . Subsequently, the Muslim world itself faced criticism after the September 11 attacks . Criticism of Islam has been aimed at the life of Muhammad , the prophet of Islam, in both his public and personal lives. Issues relating to the authenticity and morality of the scriptures of Islam , both the Quran and the hadiths , are also discussed by critics. Criticisms of Islam have also been directed at historical practices, like the recognition of slavery as an institution as well as Islamic imperialism impacting native cultures. More recently, Islamic beliefs regarding human origins , predestination , God's existence , and God's nature have received criticism for perceived philosophical and scientific inconsistencies. Other criticisms center on the treatment of individuals within modern Muslim-majority countries , including issues which are related to human rights in the Islamic world , particularly in relation to the application of Islamic law . As of 2014, 26% of the world's countries had anti-blasphemy laws , and 13% of them also had anti-apostasy laws . By 2017, 13 Muslim countries imposed the death penalty for apostasy or blasphemy . Amid the contemporary embrace of multiculturalism , there has been criticism regarding how Islam may affect the willingness or ability of Muslim immigrants to assimilate in host nations. Muslim scholars have historically responded to criticisms through apologetics and theological defenses of Islamic doctrines. De Haeresibus by John of Damascus . Patrologia Graeca , vol. 94, 1864, cols 763–73. Ibn Kammuna, Examination of the Three Faiths , trans. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World . Focus on the slave trade , in BBC News . The persistence of history , in The Economist Karsh, Ephraim (2007). Islamic Imperialism: A History . The Ideology of Religious Studies . [...] this book consists mainly of a critique of the concept of religion [...]. A New Translation; Preface: Voltaire and Islam" . Which countries still outlaw apostasy and blasphemy? , Pew Research Center , 29 July 2016. The New York Review of Books . Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach (1st ed.). Russia and Islam: State, Society and Radicalism .