Doctrina Jacobi

The Doctrina Iacobi nuper baptizati (Latin "The teaching of the recently-baptized Jacob") or Doctrina Jacobi is a 7th century Greek Christian anti-Jewish polemical tract set in Carthage in 634 but written in Palestine sometime between 634 and 640 A.D. It supposedly records a July 13, 634 discussion between a Jewish forced convert to Christianity, Jacob, and some Jews about the condition of the Byzantine Empire in light of the recent Arab conquests, and how they should proceed as he had done, and convert to Christianity. The manuscript provides one of the earliest external accounts of Islam , presenting a significantly different Islamic historiography than found in traditional Islamic texts. It also shows Jacob comparing the Byzantine Empire to the fourth beast of the prophecy of Daniel from Christian eschatology . Although not unfamiliar imagery, it is part of a series of Byzantine literature, from the early stages of the Islamic religion, of trying to reconcile Islam with the apocalyptic vision. Further examples of this are contained in the pseudo-Athanasian's Quaestiones ad Antiochum ducem, and the Quaestiones et responsiones attributed to Anastasius of Sinai. It records a prophet in Arabia during the birth time of Islamic tradition proclaiming the advent of a Jewish Messiah . The document contradicts the notion in Islamic tradition that the prophet was dead at the time of the conquest of Palestine but agrees with some traditions of other peoples of the time. When the candidatus was killed by the Saracens , I was at Caesarea and I set off by boat to Sykamina . People were saying "the candidatus has been killed," and we Jews were overjoyed. And they were saying that the prophet had appeared, coming with the Saracens, and that he was proclaiming the advent of the anointed one , the Christ who was to come. I, having arrived at Sykamina, stopped by a certain old man well-versed in scriptures, and I said to him: "What can you tell me about the prophet who has appeared with the Saracens?" He replied, groaning deeply: "He is false, for the prophets do not come armed with a sword. Truly they are works of anarchy being committed today and I fear that the first Christ to come, whom the Christians worship, was the one sent by God and we instead are preparing to receive the Antichrist . Indeed, Isaiah said that the Jews would retain a perverted and hardened heart until all the earth should be devastated. But you go, master Abraham, and find out about the prophet who has appeared." So I, Abraham, inquired and heard from those who had met him that there was no truth to be found in the so-called prophet, only the shedding of men's blood. He says also that he has the keys of paradise , which is incredible. " Doctrina Jacobi ." Accessed 3 Dec. 2006 Crone, 3, It is set in 634 and was "in all proability written in Palestine within a few years of that date". 152³, Crone and Cook argue F. Nau's date of 640 is too late.

The Teaching of Jacob ( , Didaskalia Iakobou ; Ethiopic Sargis d'Aberga ), is a 7th-century Greek Christian anti-Jewish polemical tract set in Carthage in 634 but written in Palestine sometime between 634 and 640. It supposedly records a July 13, 634 discussion between a Jew forced to convert to Christianity, Jacob, and some Jews about the condition of the Byzantine Empire in light of the recent Arab conquests, and how they should proceed as he had done, and convert to Christianity. The text provides one of the earliest external accounts of Islam , presenting a significantly different Islamic historiography than found in traditional Islamic texts. It also shows Jacob comparing the Byzantine Empire to the fourth beast of the prophecy of Daniel from Christian eschatology . Although not unfamiliar imagery, it is part of a series of Byzantine literature, from the early stages of the Islamic religion, of trying to reconcile Islam with the apocalyptic vision. Further examples of this are contained in the pseudo-Athanasian's Quaestiones ad Antiochum ducem, and the Quaestiones et responsiones attributed to Anastasius of Sinai. It records a prophet in Arabia during the birth time of Islamic tradition proclaiming the advent of a Jewish Messiah . The document contradicts the notion in Islamic tradition that the prophet was dead at the time of the conquest of Palestine but agrees with some traditions of other peoples of the time. When the candidatus was killed by the Saracens , I was at Caesarea and I set off by boat to Sykamina . People were saying "the candidatus has been killed," and we Jews were overjoyed. And they were saying that the prophet had appeared, coming with the Saracens, and that he was proclaiming the advent of the anointed one, the Christ who was to come. I, having arrived at Sykamina, stopped by a certain old man well-versed in scriptures, and I said to him: "What can you tell me about the prophet who has appeared with the Saracens?" He replied, groaning deeply: "He is false, for the prophets do not come armed with a sword. Truly they are works of anarchy being committed today and I fear that the first Christ to come, whom the Christians worship, was the one sent by God and we instead are preparing to receive the Antichrist . Indeed, Isaiah said that the Jews would retain a perverted and hardened heart until all the earth should be devastated. But you go, master Abraham, and find out about the prophet who has appeared." So I, Abraham, inquired and heard from those who had met him that there was no truth to be found in the so-called prophet, only the shedding of men's blood. He says also that he has the keys of paradise , which is incredible. Crone, 3, It is set in 634 and was "in all probability written in Palestine within a few years of that date". 152³, Crone and Cook argue F. Nau's date of 640 is too late.

7th-century Christian Greek-language tract Map of the Mediterranean region around the time of the writing of the Teaching of Jacob The Teaching of Jacob ( , Didaskalia Iakobou ; Latin Doctrina Jacobi ; Ethiopic Sargis d'Aberga ), has a controversial dating from the early 7th century to the late 8th century. A Greek Christian polemical tract supposedly set in Carthage in 634 but written in Palestine sometime between 634 and 640. It supposedly records a weeks-long discussion ending on July 13, 634, among Jews who have been forcibly baptized by order of the emperor. One of them, Jacob, has come to believe sincerely in Christianity; he instructs the rest about why they should also sincerely embrace their new faith. Halfway through, a Jewish merchant named Justus arrives and challenges Jacob to a debate. In the end, all of the participants are convinced to embrace Christianity, and Jacob and Justus return east. In addition to several partial Greek manuscripts, the text survives in Latin , Arabic , Ethiopic and Slavonic translations. Crone, 3, It is set in 634 and was "in all probability written in Palestine within a few years of that date". 152³, Crone and Cook argue F. Nau's date of 640 is too late.

7th-century Christian Greek-language polemic against Judaism 1907 Greek edition of Doctrina Jacobi , edited and annotated by François Nau The Doctrina Jacobi is a Greek Christian polemical tract set in Carthage and written in Syria Palaestina . The composition of the document is generally dated to 634 or shortly afterwards. It supposedly records a weeks-long discussion ending on July 13, 634, among Jews who have been forcibly baptized by order of the emperor. One of them, Jacob, has come to believe sincerely in Christianity; he instructs the rest about why they should also sincerely embrace their new faith. Halfway through, a Jewish merchant named Justus arrives and challenges Jacob to a debate. In the end, all of the participants are convinced to embrace Christianity, and Jacob and Justus return east. In addition to several partial Greek manuscripts, the text survives in Latin , Arabic , Ethiopic and Slavonic translations. There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ). Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History (600-900) . A Prophet Has Appeared: The Rise of Islam through Christian and Jewish Eyes, A Sourcebook (1 ed.). [Specific references] seem to confirm that the text was indeed composed sometime very close to this date [July of 634], a matter on which there is a strong scholarly consensus. The skepticism about the authenticity of the Doctrina Jacobi is unwarranted. Crone, 3, It is set in 634 and was "in all probability written in Palestine within a few years of that date". 152³, Crone and Cook argue F. Nau's date of 640 is too late.