Egypt

Covering an area of about 1,020,000 km² Egypt includes the Sinai Peninsula (considered part of Southwest Asia ), while the majority of the country is located in North Africa . It shares land borders with Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and Israel to the northeast. It is bordered to the north and east by the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea , respectively. The vast majority of Egypt's population inhabits the banks of the River Nile (about 40,000 km²). Large areas of land are part of the Sahara Desert and are sparsely inhabited. Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world's most stunning ancient monuments, including the Giza Pyramids , the Karnak Temple and the Valley of the Kings ; the southern city of Luxor contains a particularly large number of ancient artifacts. Today, Egypt is widely regarded as the main political and cultural centre of the Arab and Middle Eastern regions.

Egypt ( ; Miṣr , ; Arabic : [مِصْر Miṣr] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1: م) ( help ) ; Egyptian Arabic : [مَصْر Maṣr] Error: {{Transliteration}}: unrecognized language / script code: ar-EGP ( help ) ; Coptic : Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ , kīmi ; Egyptian : 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖 Kemet ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a country mainly in North Africa , with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia . Thereby, Egypt is a transcontinental country , and is considered to be a major power in North Africa, Mediterranean Region , African continent, Nile Basin , Islamic World and the Red Sea . Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west. Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East . The great majority of its estimated 77.4 million live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable agricultural land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo , Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta . Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world's most famous monuments, including the Giza pyramid complex and its Great Sphinx . Its ancient ruins, such as those of Memphis , Thebes , Karnak and the Valley of the Kings , are a significant focus of archaeological study, and artefacts from these sites are now displayed in major museums around the world. Egypt is widely regarded as an important political and cultural nation of the Middle East. Egypt possesses one of the most developed and diversified economies in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and service at almost equal rates in national production. Consequently, the Egyptian economy is rapidly developing, due in part to legislation aimed at luring investments, coupled with both internal and political stability, along with recent trade and market liberalization. There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ). Law 1958/162 (Emergency Law) at EMERglobal Lex , part of the Edinburgh Middle East Report . Central Agency for Population Mobilisation and Statistics - Population Clock (July 2008) "Egypt" .

It is the world's only contiguous Eurafrasian nation and most of Egypt's territory of 1,010,408 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi) lies within the Nile Valley . It is a Mediterranean country and is bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west. With over 89 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World , the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia ), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert , which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo , Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta . Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BCE as one of the world's first nation states . Considered a cradle of civilization , Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government in history. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx , as well the ruins of Memphis , Thebes , Karnak , and the Valley of the Kings , reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured and at times assimilated various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Modern Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power , with significant cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa , the Middle East and the Muslim world . Its economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services at almost equal production levels. In 2011 , longtime President Hosni Mubarak stepped down amid mass protests. Later elections saw the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood , which was ousted by the army a year later amid mass protests. Modern Egypt: The Formation of a Nation-State . Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation.

Country in Northeast Africa and Southwest Asia For other uses, see Egypt (disambiguation) . Egypt ( Miṣr , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia . It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast , the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia . Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt , while Alexandria , the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast . At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world , and the third-most populated in Africa, behind Nigeria and Ethiopia . Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation , Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which reflects its unique transcontinental location being simultaneously Mediterranean , Middle Eastern and North African . Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity , but was largely Islamised in the seventh century. Modern Egypt dates back to 1922, when it gained independence from the British Empire as a monarchy. Following the 1952 revolution , Egypt declared itself a republic , and in 1958 it merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic , which dissolved in 1961. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, Egypt endured social and religious strife and political instability, fighting several armed conflicts with Israel in 1948 , 1956 , 1967 and 1973 , and occupying the Gaza Strip intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signed the Camp David Accords , officially withdrawing from the Gaza Strip and recognising Israel . After the Arab Spring, which led to the 2011 Egyptian revolution and overthrow of Hosni Mubarak , the country faced a protracted period of political unrest . Egypt's current government, a semi-presidential republic led by Abdel Fattah el-Sisi since 2014, has been described by a number of watchdogs as authoritarian and responsible for perpetuating the country's poor human rights record . Islam is the official religion of Egypt and Arabic is its official language. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert , which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About 43% of Egypt's residents live across the country's urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta. Egypt is considered to be a regional power in North Africa , the Middle East and the Muslim world , and a middle power worldwide. It is a developing country having a diversified economy, which is the third-largest in Africa , the 41st-largest economy by nominal GDP , and the 20th-largest globally by PPP . Egypt is a founding member of the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Arab League , the African Union , Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the World Youth Forum . Modern Egypt: The Formation of a Nation-State . Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation. The World Factbook (2023 ed.). United Nations Development Programme . 8 September 2022 . Pew Research Center . 16 February 2011 . "Lessons from/for BRICSAM about south–north Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?".

Country in Northeast Africa and Southwest Asia For other uses, see Egypt (disambiguation) . Egypt ( Arabic : مصر Miṣr [mesˁr] , Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mɑsˤr] ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula . It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast , the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west ; the Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia . Cairo is the capital, largest city , and leading cultural center, while Alexandria is the second-largest city and an important hub of industry and tourism. With over 109 million inhabitants, Egypt is the third-most populous country in Africa and 15th-most populated in the world . Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation , Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity , later adopting Islam from the seventh century onwards. Cairo became the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in the tenth century and of the subsequent Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1517, until its local ruler Muhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomous Khedivate in 1867. The country was then occupied by the British Empire along with Sudan and gained independence in 1922 as a monarchy . Following the 1952 revolution , Egypt declared itself a republic . Egypt fought several armed conflicts with Israel in 1948 , 1956 , 1967 and 1973 , and occupied the Gaza Strip intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signed the Camp David Accords , which recognised Israel in exchange for its withdrawal from the occupied Sinai. After the Arab Spring , which led to the 2011 Egyptian revolution and overthrow of Hosni Mubarak , the country faced a protracted period of political unrest ; its first democratic election in 2012 resulted in the short-lived, Muslim Brotherhood -aligned government of Mohamed Morsi , which was overthrown by the military after mass protests in 2013 . The current government is a semi-presidential republic led by Abdel Fattah el-Sisi , who was elected in 2014 but is widely regarded as authoritarian . Egypt is a developing country with the second-largest economy in Africa . It is considered to be a regional power in the Middle East, North Africa and the Muslim world , and a middle power worldwide. Islam is the official religion and Arabic is official language. Egypt is a founding member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement , the Arab League , the African Union , Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , World Youth Forum , and a member of BRICS . Modern Egypt: The Formation of a Nation-State . Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation. Sources that categorize Sisi as a dictator: "Egypt's rushed election shows Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi is nervous" . He has now cemented his status as Egypt's dictator without losing his position as a U.S. ally. Trump thinks he's done a "fantastic job." " . "Lessons from/for BRICSAM about south–north Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?". There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).