Excommunication

A depiction of Pope Gregory IX excommunicating Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. The word means putting [someone] out of communion . In some religions, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group. Censures and sanctions sometimes follow excommunication; these include banishment , shunning , and shaming , depending on the religion, the offense that caused excommunication, or the rules or norms of the religious community.

Details of the excommunication penalty at the foundling wheel. Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular reception of the sacraments . Some Protestants use the term disfellowship instead. The word excommunication means putting a specific individual or group out of communion . In some religions, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group. Excommunication may involve banishment , shunning , and shaming , depending on the religion, the offense that caused excommunication, or the rules or norms of the religious community. The grave act is often revoked in response to sincere penance , which may be manifested through public recantation, sometimes through the Sacrament of Confession , piety , and/or through mortification of the flesh .

Censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community For non-religious equivalents, see Expulsion . An imaginative depiction of Pope Gregory VII excommunicating Emperor Henry IV Details of the excommunication penalty at the foundling wheel in Venice, Italy Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to end or at least regulate the communion of a member of a congregation with other members of the religious institution who are in normal communion with each other. The purpose of the institutional act is to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular, those of being in communion with other members of the congregation, and of receiving the sacraments . The term is often historically used to refer specifically to excommunications from the Catholic Church , but it is also used more generally to refer to similar types of institutional religious exclusionary practices and shunning among other religious groups. The Amish have also been known to excommunicate members that were either seen or known for breaking rules, or questioning the church. The word excommunication means putting a specific individual or group out of communion . In some denominations, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group. Excommunication may involve banishment , shunning , and shaming , depending on the group, the offense that caused excommunication, or the rules or norms of the religious community. The grave act is often revoked in response to sincere penance , which may be manifested through public recantation, sometimes through the Sacrament of Confession , piety or through mortification of the flesh .

Censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community For non-religious equivalents, see Expulsion (disambiguation) . Fanciful 16th-century fresco in the Sala Regia , by Giorgio Vasari , depicting Pope Gregory IX excommunicating Frederick II . Since few details were provided to the artist, Vasari chose to paint an excommunication scene generically. In the traditional excommunication procedure, the pope and his priests would hurl burning candles on the ground and stamp them out. The painter however here chose to show the pope personally stepping on the emperor. Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular those of being in communion with other members of the congregation, and of receiving the sacraments . It is practiced by all of the ancient churches (such as the Catholic Church , Oriental Orthodox churches and the Eastern Orthodox churches ) as well as by other Christian denominations , but it is also used more generally to refer to similar types of institutional religious exclusionary practices and shunning among other religious groups. The Amish have also been known to excommunicate members that were either seen or known for breaking rules, or questioning the church, a practice known as shunning. Jehovah's Witnesses use the term disfellowship to refer to their form of excommunication. The word excommunication means putting a specific individual or group out of communion. In some denominations, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group. Excommunication may involve banishment , shunning, and shaming , depending on the group, the offense that caused excommunication, or the rules or norms of the religious community. The grave act is often revoked in response to manifest repentance . The power and the glorification : papal pretensions and the art of propaganda in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries .

Censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community For non-religious equivalents, see Expulsion (disambiguation) . Fanciful 16th-century fresco in the Sala Regia , by Giorgio Vasari , depicting Pope Gregory IX excommunicating Frederick II . Since few details were provided to the artist, Vasari chose to paint an excommunication scene generically. In the traditional excommunication procedure, the pope and his priests would hurl burning candles on the ground and stamp them out. The painter however here chose to show the pope personally stepping on the emperor. Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular those of being in communion with other members of the congregation, and of receiving the sacraments . It is practiced by all of the ancient churches (such as the Catholic Church , Oriental Orthodox churches and the Eastern Orthodox churches ) as well as by other Christian denominations ; however, it is also used more generally to refer to similar types of institutional religious exclusionary practices and shunning among other religious groups. The Amish have also been known to excommunicate members that were either seen or known for breaking rules, or questioning the church, a practice known as shunning. Jehovah's Witnesses use the term disfellowship to refer to their form of excommunication. The word excommunication means putting a specific individual or group out of communion. In some denominations, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group. Excommunication may involve banishment , shunning, and shaming , depending on the group, the offense that caused excommunication, or the rules or norms of the religious community. The grave act is often revoked in response to manifest repentance . The power and the glorification : papal pretensions and the art of propaganda in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries .