The word “refugee” appeared 2 times in this article's opening at its peak in 2005. Today the opening carries none. 3 remain further down the article, where a reader arriving from a search result does not go.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-02. “refugee” appeared 2 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 3.
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The opening as it read in 2005
Gustav Metzger was born to Polish-Jewish parents in Nuremberg , Germany in 1926 and came to Britain as a refugee under the auspices of the Refugee Children movement. He has been stateless since the 1940s . He is known as the leading exponent of Auto-Destructive Art and part of the Fluxus movement of the 1960s. He was also an active member of CND and attended their early rocket base campaigns of direct action and occupation . In 1959 he published the first auto-destructive manifesto Auto-Destructive Art. This was given as a lecture to the Architecture Association in 1964, which was taken over by students as an artistic ' Happening '. In 1961, he participated in the Festival of Misfits with the Fluxus group, in Gallery One , London . He exhibited the front page of the Daily Mirror covering the Vietnam War . His contribution was rejected by the other participants. Since then he has continued to make challenging art works around the world. He currently lives and works in East London .1
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 16114050.
The opening as it stood in 2010 11 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Gustav Metzger in 2009 Gustav Metzger (born 1926) is an artist and political activist who developed the concept of Auto-Destructive Art and the Art Strike .Together with John Sharkey, he initiated the Destruction in Art Symposium in 1966.Metzger is recognized for his protests in the political and artistic realms.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 355183312.
The opening as it stood in 2015
Gustav Metzger (born 10 April 1926) is an artist and political activist who developed the concept of Auto-Destructive Art and the Art Strike . Together with John Sharkey, he initiated the Destruction in Art Symposium in 1966. Metzger is recognised for his protests in the political and artistic realms.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 669029092.
The opening as it stood in 2020
Gustav Metzger (10 April 1926, Nuremberg – 1 March 2017, London ) was an artist and political activist who developed the concept of Auto-Destructive Art and the Art Strike . Together with John Sharkey, he initiated the Destruction in Art Symposium in 1966. Metzger was recognised for his protests in the political and artistic realms.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 960783367.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
German artist and political activist Gustav Metzger (10 April 1926, Nuremberg – 1 March 2017, London ) was a German artist and political activist who developed the concept of Auto-Destructive Art and the Art Strike . Together with John Sharkey, he initiated the Destruction in Art Symposium in 1966. Metzger was recognised for his protests in the political and artistic realms.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1152847935.
The opening as it stood in 2025
Stateless artist and political activist (1926–2017) Gustav Metzger (10 April 1926, Nuremberg – 1 March 2017, London ) was a stateless artist and political activist who developed the concept of Auto-Destructive Art and the Art Strike . Together with John Sharkey, he initiated the Destruction in Art Symposium in 1966. Metzger was recognised for his protests in the political and artistic realms.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1261969575. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
“refugee” appeared 2 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 3. Read the current article and compare.
2005
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined between 2005 and 2025.
Then
born to polish-jewish parents in nuremberg
Now
stateless artist and political activist who developed the concept of auto-destructive art and the art strike
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
