Hasan–Mu'awiya treaty

In 661 CE, after Ali 's death, Imam Hasan attained to the caliphate. There was a military conflict between Imam Hasan and Muawiya which was finished by a peace treaty in the middle of the month of Jamadi al-UIa, in the year 41 A.H. Narrated by Al-Hasan Al-Basri: By Allah, Al-Hasan bin Ali led large battalions like mountains against Muawiya. Amr bin Al-As said (to Muawiya), "I surely see battalions which will not turn back before killing their opponents." Muawiya who was really the best of the two men said to him, "O 'Amr! If these killed those and those killed these, who would be left with me for the jobs of the public, who would be left with me for their women, who would be left with me for their children?" Then Muawiya sent two Quraishi men from the tribe of 'Abd-i-Shams called 'Abdur Rahman bin Sumura and Abdullah bin 'Amir bin Kuraiz to Al-Hasan saying to them, "Go to this man (i.e. Al-Hasan) and negotiate peace with him and talk and appeal to him." So, they went to Al-Hasan and talked and appealed to him to accept peace. Al-Hasan said, "We, the offspring of 'Abdul Muttalib, have got wealth and people have indulged in killing and corruption (and money only will appease them)." They said to Al-Hasan, "Muawiya offers you so and so, and appeals to you and entreats you to accept peace." Al-Hasan said to them, "But who will be responsible for what you have said?" They said, "We will be responsible for it." So, what-ever Al-Hasan asked they said, "We will be responsible for it for you." So, Al-Hasan concluded a peace treaty with Muawiya. Al-Hasan (Al-Basri) said: I heard Abu Bakr saying, "I saw Allah's Apostle on the pulpit and Al-Hasan bin 'Ali was by his side. The Prophet was looking once at the people and once at Al-Hasan bin 'Ali saying, 'This son of mine is a Saiyid (i.e. a noble) and may Allah make peace between two big groups of Muslims through him." Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari , a 10th century Sunni Islamic scholar writes: al Hasan had already made peace with Muawiyah on condition that he concede to him what was in his own treasury plus the revenue of Darabjird and that 'Ali not be reviled in his hearing . The main condition Hasan ibn Ali imposed on Muawiya for handing over power was to be just to the people and keep them safe and secure. Following is the extract of the treaty between Imam Hassan and Muawiya: Authority will be handed to Muawiya provided that he should act according to the Book of Allah, the Sunna of the Prophet, and the behavior of the righteous Caliphs Authority should be for Imam Hassan after Muawiya, and if an accident occurs, authority should go to Imam Hussain, Muawiya has no right to entrust authority to anyone Muawiya should abandon cursing the Commander of the faithful (Imam Ali) and the practice of using the qunut in the salat against him, Muawiya should also not mention Imam Ali unless in a good manner. He (Muawiya) should excluded what is in the treasury of Kufa, that is five million (dirhams). So handing over authority does not include it (i.e., this sum of money). Muawiya should send al-Husayn one million dirhams a year, he should prefer the children of Hashim (banu Hashim) in giving and gifts to the banu Abd Shams, and should divide one million (dirhams) among the sons of those who were killed with the Commander of the faithful at the Battle of the Camel and the Battle of Siffin, and should spend that from the taxes of Dar Abjard. The people should be safe wherever they are in the earth of Allah. Muawiya should give security to all races. The companions of Imam Ali should be given security wherever they are. Muawiya should not seek a calamity secretly or openly for Imam Hassan, nor for Imam Hussein, nor for any of the Prophet’s Ahlul Bayt. After the peace treaty Imam Hasan received Mu'awiya's letter asking him to counter khariji threat. He sent him the following reply: "O Mu'awiya! You have appointed Hasan bin Ali to go like one of your officers and to ward off a rebellious Khariji. I, Hasan bin Ali, have retired, in the interest of the Muslims, from the caliphate, which is my right. If I had wished to fight against one of the people of the Qibla i.e. with a Muslim, whoever he might be, and to which ever sect he might belong, I would have fought against you in the first instance". Imam Hasan retired from the caliphate and thus safeguarded the blood of the Muslims and the strength of Islam, and prevented the external and internal enemies from taking undue advantage of the situation. But this does not mean that he surrendered to Muawiya and recognized him as the caliph and the Commander of the Faithful. One of the conditions of the Peace Treaty between Imam Hasan and Muawiya reads that, "Hasan bin Ali makes Peace on the condition that he will not be under an obligation to call Muawiya, the Commander of the Faithful". It is claimed that Muawiya violated all the conditions of the peace treaty and did not take care of the following five items of the treaty and committed horrible crimes against the Shias of Ali: When Muawiya took the reins of government, he did not act according to the Book of Allah, the Sunna (i.e., practices) of His Apostle, and the practices (Sira) of the Orthodox Caliphs, nor did he leave the authority after him to the Consultative Committee or to the Owner of the right (i.e., al-Hasan), nor did he refrain from cursing Ali, he increased cursing Ali to the extent that he ordered his orators to curse him everywhere nor did he give (al-Hasan) the land taxes, nor did he give security to Ali's Shias and companions Shaykh Radi Aal-Yasin; Translated by Jasim al-Rasheed. Sulh al-Hasan (The Peace Treaty of al-Hasan (a)) . The Caliphate of Muawiyah, Section: The Rendering of Allegiance to al Hasan b. The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate By Wilferd Madelung Page 232 [1] al-Hadid, Ibn Abu. A Probe into the History of Ashura' .

Peace treaty of Hasan with Muawiya In 661 CE, after Ali 's assassination, Hasan ibn Ali attained to the caliphate. There was a military conflict between Caliph Ali and Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan (see Battle of Siffin ); and to avoid the agonies of a further civil war, Hasan signed the Hasan–Muawiya treaty with Muawiyah. According to the treaty, Hasan ceded the caliphate to Muawiyah but the latter could name no successor during his reign; instead, he was to let the Islamic world choose its successor afterward. Shaykh Radi Aal-Yasin; Translated by Jasim al-Rasheed. Sulh al-Hasan (The Peace Treaty of al-Hasan (a)) .

Peace treaty of Hasan with Muawiya The Hasan–Mu'awiya treaty was a political peace treaty signed in 661 between Caliph Hasan ibn Ali and Mu'awiya I ( r. 661–680 ) to bring the First Fitna (656–661) to a close. Under this treaty, Hasan ceded the caliphate to Mu'awiya on the condition that the latter should rule in compliance with the Quran and the sunna , a council should appoint his successor, and Hasan's supporters would receive amnesty. Upon accession, Mu'awiya publicly recanted his earlier promises, while Hasan retired from politics in Medina , and was later killed in 670 by poisoning. Mu'awiya is commonly viewed as the instigator in the murder of Hasan, which removed an obstacle to the succession of his son Yazid ( r. 680–683 ), whose nomination violated the treaty with Hasan. Throughout his reign, Mu'awiya also prosecuted notable partisans of Hasan and his father Ali .

Peace treaty of Hasan with Muawiya The Hasan–Mu'awiya treaty was a political peace treaty signed in 661 between Hasan ibn Ali and Mu'awiya I ( r. 661–680 ) to bring the First Fitna (656–661) to a close. Under this treaty, Hasan ceded the caliphate to Mu'awiya on the condition that the latter should rule in compliance with the Quran and the sunna , a council should appoint his successor, and Hasan's supporters would receive amnesty. Upon accession, Mu'awiya publicly recanted his earlier promises, while Hasan retired from politics in Medina . Throughout his reign, Mu'awiya also prosecuted notable partisans of Hasan and his father Ali .