Hassan al-Turabi

Hassan ‘Abd Allah al-Turabi (الدكتور حسن عبد الله الترابي in Arabic ), commonly called Hassan al-Turabi (sometimes transliterated Hassan al-Tourabi ) (حسن الترابي), is a political and religious leader in Sudan , who may have been instrumental in institutionalizing Islamic Sharia law in the northern part of the country. He was influential as a government figure under several heads of state in the country, but was put in a Khobar (Cooper) prison in Khartoum on the orders of his one-time ally, current president Omar al-Bashir in March 2004 . He was released on June 28 , 2005 . Recent reports have suggested that ( as of 2004 ), Turabi is associated with the JEM (Justice and Equality Movement), an Islamist armed rebel group which is involved in the Darfur conflict . The Appendix of the 9/11 Commission Report calls Turabi " Sudan 's longtime hard-line ideological leader and Speaker of the country's National Assembly during the 1990s." Turabi was leader of the National Islamic Front , a powerful political faction in Sudan. The Front attempts to impose sharia law upon the country, even though radical Islamists form a small minority of the population.

Hassan 'Abd Allah al-Turabi (born c.1932 in Kassala ) is a religious and Islamist political leader in Sudan . He has been called "one of the most influential figures in modern Sudanese politics", and a "longtime hard-line ideological leader". In particular he may have been instrumental in institutionalizing sharia Islamic law in the northern part of the country. He has been frequently imprisoned in Sudan, but these "periods of detention" have been "interspersed with periods of high political office". Al-Turabi was leader of what was called the National Islamic Front (NIF) (which changed its name to National Congress in the late 1990s ), a political movement that developed considerable political power in Sudan while never obtaining significant popularity among Sudanese voters. It embraced a "top down" approach to Islamisation of placing party members in high posts in the government and security services. Turabi and the NIF reached the peak of their power from 1989 following a military a coup d'état, until 2001, as what observers have called "the power behind the throne", head of the only Sunni Islamist movement to take state control of a state. Turabi oversaw highly controversial policies such as the creation of the "NIF police state" and associated NIF militias which consolidated Islamist power and prevented a popular uprising, but reportedly committed many human rights abuses, including "summary executions, torture, ill treatment, arbitrary detentions, denial of freedoms of speech, assembly, and religion, and violations of the rules of war, particularly in the south". Turabi was a leader of opposition to the American-Saudi "coalition forces" in the Gulf War , establishing in 1990-1 the Popular Arab and Islamic Congress (PAIC), a regional umbrella for political Islamist militants, headquartered in Khartoum. After 1996, al-Turabi and his party's "internationalist and ideological wing" saw a decline in influence in favor of more pragmatic leaders, brought on by the imposition of UN sanctions on Sudan in punishment for Sudan's assistance to Egyptian terrorists in their attempt to assassinate Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak . As of 2015 Turabi and the NIF's fortunes have waned. Sudan has lost at least a third of its land and nearly all its oil fields as a result of the cession of South Sudan, and Turabi is out of power leading a splinter group of the National Congress known as the Popular (or People's) National Congress. His most recent imprisonment was 17 January 2011 for nine days, following civil unrest across the Maghreb . الدكتور حسن عبد الله الترابي ad-Duktūr Ḥasan 'Abd Allāh at-Turābī in Arabic ), commonly called Hassan al-Turabi (sometimes transliterated Hassan al-Tourabi ) (حسن الترابي). According to the Political Handbook of the World 2011, the NIF was renamed as the National Congress (NC) in 1996 (2011, 1356). Other sources report that in November 1998, the NIF renamed itself the National Congress (NC). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam . Political Handbook of the World 2015 . Chris Stefanowicz, Crackdown in Khartoum: as Jasmine Filters down the Nile, al-Turabi is Arrested Again.

Hassan 'Abd Allah al Turabi (1 February 1932 – 5 March 2016) was a Sudanese Islamist politician who was crucial in the success of the 1989 coup that brought Omar Al-Bashir to power. He has been called "one of the most influential figures in modern Sudanese politics", and a "longtime hard-line ideological leader". He was instrumental in institutionalizing sharia (Islamic law) in the northern part of the country and was frequently imprisoned in Sudan, but these "periods of detention" were "interspersed with periods of high political office". Al-Turabi was leader of the National Islamic Front (NIF) (which changed its name to National Congress in the late 1990s ), a political movement that developed considerable political power in Sudan while never obtaining significant popularity among Sudanese voters. It embraced a "top down" approach to Islamisation by placing party members in high posts in government and security services. Turabi and the NIF reached the peak of their power from 1989 following a military coup d'état, until 2001, as what observers have called "the power behind the throne", head of the only Sunni Islamist movement to take control of a state. Turabi oversaw highly controversial policies such as the creation of the "NIF police state" and associated NIF militias which consolidated Islamist power and prevented a popular uprising, but reportedly committed many human rights abuses, including "summary executions, torture, ill treatment, arbitrary detentions, denial of freedoms of speech, assembly, and religion, and violations of the rules of war, particularly in the south". Turabi was a leader of opposition to the American-Saudi "coalition forces" in the Gulf War , establishing in 1990–1991 the Popular Arab and Islamic Congress (PAIC), a regional umbrella for political Islamist militants, headquartered in Khartoum. After 1996, al-Turabi and his party's "internationalist and ideological wing" saw a decline in influence in favor of more pragmatic leaders, brought on by the imposition of UN sanctions on Sudan in punishment for Sudan's assistance to Egyptian terrorists in their attempt to assassinate Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak . Turabi was out of power beginning in 1999, leading a splinter group of the National Congress known as the Popular National Congress. His most recent imprisonment was 17 January 2011 for nine days, following civil unrest across the Arab world . الدكتور حسن عبد الله الترابي ad-Duktūr Ḥasan 'Abd Allāh at-Turābī in Arabic ), commonly called Hassan al-Turabi (sometimes transliterated Hassan al-Tourabi ) ( حسن الترابي ). According to the Political Handbook of the World 2011, the NIF was renamed as the National Congress (NC) in 1996 (2011, 1356). Other sources report that in November 1998, the NIF renamed itself the National Congress (NC). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam . Political Handbook of the World 2015 . Chris Stefanowicz, Crackdown in Khartoum: as Jasmine Filters down the Nile, al-Turabi is Arrested Again.

Sudanese religious and political leader (1932–2016) Not to be confused with Allama Hassan Turabi . Hasan al-Turabi ( ; 1 February 1932 – 5 March 2016) was a Sudanese politician and scholar. He was the alleged architect of the 1989 Sudanese military coup that overthrew Sadiq al-Mahdi and installed Omar al-Bashir as president . He has been called "one of the most influential figures in modern Sudanese politics " and a "longtime hard-line ideological leader". He was instrumental in institutionalizing Sharia (Islamic law) in the northern part of the country and was frequently imprisoned in Sudan , but these "periods of detention" were "interspersed with periods of high political office". Al-Turabi was leader of the National Islamic Front (NIF) (which later changed its name to National Congress in the late 1990s ), a political movement that developed considerable political power in Sudan while never obtaining significant popularity among Sudanese voters. It embraced a "top down" approach to Islamisation by placing party members in high posts in government and security services. Al-Turabi and the NIF reached the peak of their power from 1989 following a military coup d'état, until 2001, as what Human Rights Watch have called "the power behind the throne", head of the only Sunni Islamist movement to take control of a state. Al-Turabi oversaw highly controversial policies such as the creation of the "NIF police state" and associated NIF militias that consolidated Islamist power and prevented a popular uprising, but according to Human Rights Watch committed many human rights abuses, including " summary executions , torture , ill treatment, arbitrary detentions , denial of freedoms of speech, assembly, and religion, and violations of the rules of war, particularly in the south". Turabi was a leader of opposition to the American–Saudi "coalition forces" in the Gulf War , establishing in 1990–1991 the Popular Arab and Islamic Congress (PAIC), a regional umbrella for political Islamist militants, headquartered in Khartoum . After 1996, al-Turabi and his party's "internationalist and ideological wing" saw a decline in influence in favor of more pragmatic leaders, brought on by the imposition of UN sanctions on Sudan in punishment for Sudan's assistance to Egyptian Islamic Jihad in their attempt to assassinate Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak . Al-Turabi was out of power beginning in 1999, leading a splinter group of the National Congress known as the Popular National Congress . He was imprisoned by Omar Al-Bashir on 17 January 2011 for nine days, following civil unrest across the Arab world . He died in 2016 without facing trial for his role in the 1989 coup. The New York Times . According to the Political Handbook of the World 2011, the NIF was renamed as the National Congress (NC) in 1996 (2011, 1356). Other sources report that in November 1998, the NIF renamed itself the National Congress (NC). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam . Political Handbook of the World 2015 . Chris Stefanowicz, Crackdown in Khartoum: as Jasmine Filters down the Nile, al-Turabi is Arrested Again.

Sudanese religious and political leader (1932–2016) Not to be confused with Allama Hassan Turabi . Hassan al-Turabi ( Arabic : حسن الترابي , romanized : Ḥasan al-Turābī ; 1 February 1932 – 5 March 2016) was a Sudanese politician and scholar. He was the alleged architect of the 1989 Sudanese military coup that overthrew Sadiq al-Mahdi and installed Omar al-Bashir as president . He has been called "one of the most influential figures in modern Sudanese politics " and a "longtime hard-line ideological leader". He was instrumental in institutionalizing Sharia (Islamic law) in the northern part of the country and was frequently imprisoned in Sudan , but these "periods of detention" were "interspersed with periods of high political office". al-Turabi was leader of the National Islamic Front (NIF) (which later changed its name to National Congress in the late 1990s ), a political movement that developed considerable political power in Sudan while never obtaining significant popularity among Sudanese voters. It embraced a "top down" approach to Islamisation by placing party members in high posts in government and security services. al-Turabi and the NIF reached the peak of their power from 1989 following a military coup d'état, until 2001, as what Human Rights Watch have called "the power behind the throne", head of the only Sunni Islamist movement to take control of a state. al-Turabi oversaw highly controversial policies such as the creation of the "NIF police state" and associated NIF militias that consolidated Islamist power and prevented a popular uprising, but according to Human Rights Watch committed many human rights abuses, including " summary executions , torture , ill treatment, arbitrary detentions , denial of freedoms of speech, assembly, and religion, and violations of the rules of war, particularly in the south". Turabi was a leader of opposition to the American–Saudi "coalition forces" in the Gulf War , establishing in 1990–1991 the Popular Arab and Islamic Congress (PAIC), a regional umbrella for political Islamist militants, headquartered in Khartoum . After 1996, al-Turabi and his party's "internationalist and ideological wing" saw a decline in influence in favor of more pragmatic leaders, brought on by the imposition of UN sanctions on Sudan in punishment for Sudan's assistance to Egyptian Islamic Jihad in their attempt to assassinate Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak . al-Turabi was out of power beginning in 1999, leading a splinter group of the National Congress known as the Popular National Congress . He was imprisoned by Omar Al-Bashir on 17 January 2011 for nine days, following civil unrest across the Arab world . He died in 2016 without facing trial for his role in the 1989 coup. The New York Times . According to the Political Handbook of the World 2011, the NIF was renamed as the National Congress (NC) in 1996 (2011, 1356). Other sources report that in November 1998, the NIF renamed itself the National Congress (NC). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam . Political Handbook of the World 2015 . Chris Stefanowicz, Crackdown in Khartoum: as Jasmine Filters down the Nile, al-Turabi is Arrested Again.