The word “refugee” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak in 2010. Today the opening carries none. 2 remain further down the article, where a reader arriving from a search result does not go.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-02. “refugee” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 2.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2020 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2020
Hedy Epstein (née Wachenheimer ; August 15, 1924 – May 26, 2016) was a German-born Jewish-American political activist known for her support of the Palestinian cause through the International Solidarity Movement . Born in Freiburg to a Jewish family, she was rescued from Nazi Germany by the Kindertransport in 1939. She immigrated to the United States in 1948, married Arnold Epstein (?-1977), and lived in St. Louis , Missouri , for many years.
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 942349860.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Hedy Epstein (née Wachenheimer , 15 August 1924—) is an American political activist known for her support of the Palestinian cause through the International Solidarity Movement and for her background as a Holocaust survivor and Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany Born in Freiburg, Germany , she immigrated to the United States in 1948, and she currently resides in St.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 369426849.
The opening as it stood in 2015
Hedy Epstein (born 15 August 1924), née Wachenheimer , is a German-born American political activist known for her support of the Palestinian cause through the International Solidarity Movement and for her background as a Holocaust survivor .Born in Freiburg to a Jewish family, she was rescued from Nazi Germany by the Kindertransport in 1939. She immigrated to the United States in 1948, and she currently resides in St.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 666664426.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Hedy Epstein (née Wachenheimer ; August 15, 1924 – May 26, 2016) was a German-born Jewish-American political activist and Holocaust survivor known for her support of the Palestinian cause through the International Solidarity Movement . Born in Freiburg to a Jewish family, she was rescued from Nazi Germany by the Kindertransport in 1939. She immigrated to the United States in 1948, married Arnold Epstein (?-1977), and lived in St. Louis , Missouri , for many years.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1098360106.
The opening as it stood in 2025
American political activist(1924 - 2016) Hedy Epstein (née Wachenheimer ; August 15, 1924 – May 26, 2016) was a German-born Jewish-American political activist and Holocaust survivor known for her support of the Palestinian cause through the International Solidarity Movement . Born in Freiburg to a Jewish family, she was rescued from Nazi Germany by the Kindertransport in 1939. She immigrated to the United States in 1948, married Arnold Epstein (?-1977), and lived in St. Louis , Missouri , for many years.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1295667878. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
“refugee” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 2. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined between 2010 and 2025.
Then
american political activist known for her support of the palestinian cause through the international solidarity
Now
german-born jewish-american political activist and holocaust survivor known for her support of the palestinian
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
