Wikipedia's first sentence called it “french rabbi and exegete”. Today it says “french rabbi and bible commentator of the 13th century”.
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Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
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The opening as it read in 2025
Hezekiah ben Manoah , or Hezekiah bar Manoah , was a French rabbi and Bible commentator of the 13th century. He is generally known by the title of his commentary, Chizkuni ( Hebrew : חזקוני ). In memory of his father, who lost his right hand through his steadfastness in the faith, Hezekiah wrote a commentary on the Pentateuch , under the title Ḥazzeḳuni (ca. 1240). It was printed at Venice in 1524. Other editions appeared at Cremona (1559), Amsterdam (1724, in the Rabbinical Bible of M. The commentary is one of the first systematic supercommentaries on the classical commentary of Rashi predating in this field the work of Nachmanides , but it also uses digests and brings selectively quotes and material from about twenty other commentaries as is stated in the introduction. The commentary is based to large extent on the works of Abraham ibn Ezra , Rashbam , Joseph ben Isaac Bekhor Shor and other commentators of the French school. In addition to commentaries and critical analysis and elucidation of Rashi 's work, he also contributed original analysis in the form of psychological profiles and historical analysis. The work contains a significant amount of references to Latin biblical terms. Despite being obviously based on existing material, the author quotes explicitly as his sources only classical Talmudic and Mishanaic sources and Rashi , Dunash ben Labrat , the " Yosippon ", and a Sefer haToladot (which may be the work mentioned in the Tosafot 's commentary to Leviticus 12:2 ). Hezekiah stated in his work that the lack of citations was to avoid bias and "glorify the great with the small".
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 1265482841.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Hezekiah ben Manoah (13th century) (known as the Hizkuni , Hebrew : חזקוני ) was a French rabbi and exegete. In memory of his father, who lost his right hand through his stead-fastness in the faith, Hezekiah wrote (about 1240) a kabbalistic commentary on the Pentateuch , under the title Ḥazzeḳuni. It was printed at Venice in 1524. Other editions appeared at Cremona (1559), at Amsterdam (1724, in the Rabbinical Bible of M. It is based principally upon Rashi , but it uses also about twenty other commentaries, though the author quotes as his sources only Rashi , Dunash ben Labrat , the " Yosippon ", and a "Physica" which is mentioned in the Tosafot (to Lev. xii. 2). He is generally cited by the title of his commentary.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 331018954.
The opening as it stood in 2015
Hezekiah ben Manoah (13th century) (known as the Hizkuni , Hebrew : חזקוני ) was a French rabbi and student. In memory of his father, who lost his right hand through his stead-fastness in the faith, Hezekiah wrote (about 1240) a commentary on the Pentateuch , under the title Ḥazzeḳuni. It was printed at Venice in 1524. Other editions appeared at Cremona (1559), at Amsterdam (1724, in the Rabbinical Bible of M. It is based principally upon Rashi , but it uses also about twenty other commentaries, though the author quotes as his sources only Rashi , Dunash ben Labrat , the " Yosippon ", and a "Physica" which is mentioned in the Tosafot (to Lev. xii. 2). He is generally cited by the title of his commentary.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 623727238.
The opening as it stood in 2020 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Hezekiah ben Manoah , or Hezekiah bar Manoah , was a French rabbi and Bible commentator of the 13th century.He is generally known by the title of his commentary, Chizkuni ( ).In memory of his father, who lost his right hand through his steadfastness in the faith, Hezekiah wrote a commentary on the Pentateuch , under the title Ḥazzeḳuni (ca. 1240). It was printed at Venice in 1524. Other editions appeared at Cremona (1559), Amsterdam (1724, in the Rabbinical Bible of M.The commentary is based principally upon Rashi , but it uses also about twenty other commentaries, though the author quotes as his sources only Rashi , Dunash ben Labrat , the " Yosippon ", and a Sefer haToladot (which may be the work mentioned in the Tosafot 's commentary to Leviticus 12:2 ).Hezekiah stated in his work that the lack of citations was to avoid bias and "glorify the great with the small".In addition to commentaries, he also contributed original analysis in the form of psychological profiles and historical analysis.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 957452407.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Hezekiah ben Manoah , or Hezekiah bar Manoah , was a French rabbi and Bible commentator of the 13th century. He is generally known by the title of his commentary, Chizkuni ( ). In memory of his father, who lost his right hand through his steadfastness in the faith, Hezekiah wrote a commentary on the Pentateuch , under the title Ḥazzeḳuni (ca. 1240). It was printed at Venice in 1524. Other editions appeared at Cremona (1559), Amsterdam (1724, in the Rabbinical Bible of M. The commentary is based principally upon Rashi , but it uses also about twenty other commentaries, though the author quotes as his sources only Rashi , Dunash ben Labrat , the " Yosippon ", and a Sefer haToladot (which may be the work mentioned in the Tosafot 's commentary to Leviticus 12:2 ). Hezekiah stated in his work that the lack of citations was to avoid bias and "glorify the great with the small". In addition to commentaries, he also contributed original analysis in the form of psychological profiles and historical analysis.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1041384579.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “french rabbi and exegete”. Today it says “french rabbi and bible commentator of the 13th century”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2010, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
french rabbi and exegete
Now
french rabbi and bible commentator of the 13th century
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
