The word “jihad” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak in 2015. Today the opening carries none. 1 remains further down the article, where a reader arriving from a search result does not go.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-02. “jihad” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 1.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2015 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2015
Initial prosperity in Hellenistic times faded under Christian Byzantine rule, but recovered somewhat under the rule of the various Muslim governments which displaced and succeeded rule from Constantinople. At the time of the Battle of Yarmuk when the Levant passed under Muslim Rule, thirty Jewish communities existed in Haifa, Sh’chem, Hebron, Ramleh, Gaza, Jerusalem, and many in the north. Safed became a spiritual centre for the Jews and the Shulchan Aruch was compiled there as well as many Kabbalistic texts. The first Hebrew printing press, and the first printing in Western Asia began in 1577. The situation where Jews both enjoyed cultural and economical prosperity at times but were widely persecuted at other times was summarised by G.E. Von Grunebaum : It would not be difficult to put together the names of a very sizeable number of Jewish subjects or citizens of the Islamic area who have attained to high rank, to power, to great financial influence, to significant and recognized intellectual attainment; and the same could be done for Christians. But it would again not be difficult to compile a lengthy list of persecutions, arbitrary confiscations, attempted forced conversions, or pogroms." The status of Jewry in the Ottoman Empire often hinged on the whims of the Sultan . So, for example, while Murad III ordered that the attitude of all non-Muslims should be one of "humility and abjection" and should not "live near Mosques or tall buildings" or own slaves, others were more tolerant. Although the status level of the Jews in the Ottoman Empire may have often been exaggerated, it is undeniable that the tolerance was enjoyed. Under the millet system they were organized as a community on the basis of religion, alongside the other millets ( e.g. In the framework of the millet they had a considerable amount of administrative autonomy and were represented by the Hakham Bashi , the Chief Rabbi. There were no restrictions in the professions Jews could practice analogous to those common in Western Christian countries. There were restrictions in the areas Jews could live or work, but such restrictions were imposed on Ottoman subjects of other religions as well. Like all non-Muslims, Jews had to pay the harac ("head tax") and faced other restrictions in clothing, horse riding, army service etc., but they could occasionally be waived or circumvented. Jews who reached high positions in the Ottoman court and administration include Mehmed II 's minister of Finance ("defterdar") Hekim Yakup Pasa, his Portuguese physician Moses Hamon , Murad II 's physician Ishak Pasha and Abraham de Castro, the master of the mint in Egypt.1
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 659246226.
The opening as it stood in 2020 15 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
By the time the Ottoman Empire rose to power in the 14th and 15th centuries, there had been Jewish communities established throughout the region.The Ottoman Empire lasted from the early 14th century until the end of World War I and covered parts of Southeastern Europe, Anatolia, and much of the Middle East.The experience of Jews in the Ottoman Empire is particularly significant because the region "provided a principal place of refuge for Jews driven out of western Europe by massacres and persecution".At the time of the Ottoman conquests , Anatolia had already been home to communities of Hellenistic and Byzantine Jews .The Ottoman Empire became a safe haven for Iberian Jews fleeing persecution .The First and Second Aliyah brought an increased Jewish presence to Ottoman Palestine .The Ottoman successor state of modern Turkey continues to be home to a small Jewish population today .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 962191213.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Aspect of history Bet Yaakov Synagogue was built in 1878 at the Kuzguncuk district of Istanbul By the time the Ottoman Empire rose to power in the 14th and 15th centuries, there had been Jewish communities established throughout the region. The Ottoman Empire lasted from the early 14th century until the end of World War I and covered parts of Southeastern Europe, Anatolia, and much of the Middle East. The experience of Jews in the Ottoman Empire is particularly significant because the region "provided a principal place of refuge for Jews driven out of Western Europe by massacres and persecution." At the time of the Ottoman conquests , Anatolia had already been home to communities of Byzantine Jews . The Ottoman Empire became a safe haven for Iberian Jews fleeing persecution . By the end of the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire had the largest Jewish population in the world, with 150,000 compared to Poland's and non-Ottoman Ukraine's combined figure of 75,000. The First and Second Aliyah brought an increased Jewish presence to Ottoman Palestine . The Ottoman successor state of modern Turkey continues to be home to a small Jewish population today . The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic .The Sephardim in the Ottoman Empire .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1178913126.
The opening as it stood in 2025
Bet Yaakov Synagogue was built in 1878 at the Kuzguncuk district of Istanbul By the time the Ottoman Empire rose to power in the 14th and 15th centuries, there had been Jewish communities established throughout the region. The Ottoman Empire lasted from the early 12th century until the end of World War I and covered parts of Southeastern Europe , Anatolia , and much of the Middle East . The experience of Jews in the Ottoman Empire is particularly significant because the region "provided a principal place of refuge for Jews driven out of Western Europe by massacres and persecution." At the time of the Ottoman conquests , Anatolia had already been home to communities of Byzantine Jews . The Ottoman Empire became a safe haven for Jews from the Iberian Peninsula fleeing persecution (see Alhambra Decree ). By the end of the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire had the largest Jewish population in the world, with 150,000 compared to Poland 's and non-Ottoman Ukraine 's combined figure of 75,000. The First and Second Aliyah brought an increased Jewish presence to Ottoman Palestine . The Ottoman successor state of modern Turkey continues to be home to a small Jewish population today . The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic . The Sephardim in the Ottoman Empire .
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Today
“jihad” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 1. Read the current article and compare.
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Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
