Wikipedia's first sentence called it “jewish mobster and a close associate of sam giancana”. Today it says “american gangster associated with sam giancana and the chicago outfit”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2020 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2020
Hyman Larner (November 4, 1913 – October 12, 2002) was an American gangster associated with Sam Giancana and the Chicago Outfit . Known in the newspapers as "the Ivy League Mobster", he was the head of the Chicago Outfit's slot machine racket. Larner, who was Jewish , kept a low profile but was very powerful with the Chicago underworld. After Eddie Vogel retired from the gambling machine business, Larner became the power behind the scenes. When he testified before the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management in 1959, he invoked his Fifth Amendment rights fifty-four times. Larner expanded the Outfit's gambling and smuggling operations to Panama and Iran , moving the organization's Miami operation's headquarters to Panama where money laundering was more easily facilitated by local banks. These operations were conducted as a partnership between the Mafia and the CIA . By 1966, this partnership had developed into arms smuggling to the Middle East for the Israeli Mossad , all via Panama. Larner had friends among world leaders and key players in the Central Intelligence Agency and the U.S. military , and he was also well connected with Las Vegas bosses like the Teamsters ' Allen Dorfman and media mogul Hank Greenspun . One of Larner's closest friends was Meyer Lansky , and the two shared in their passionate Zionism and defense for the Jews' divine right to the land of Israel.
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 961506854.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Hyman "Hy" Lamer ( fl. 1959-1974) was a Jewish mobster and a close associate of Sam Giancana . In the newspapers he was known as the "The Ivy League Mobster". Lamer was the head of the Chicago Outfit 's slot machine racket. After Eddie Vogel retired from the gambling machine business Lamer became the power behind the scenes. When he testified in front of the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management in 1959, he invoked his Fifth Amendment rights fifty times. Lamer expanded the Outfit's gambling and smuggling operations to Latin America, moving the organization's Miami operation to Latin America headquartering in Panama where money laundering was more easily facilitated by local banks. These operations were conducted as a partnership between the mafia and the CIA . By 1966 this partnership had developed into arms smuggling to the Middle East for the Israeli Mossad , all via Panama. Hy Lamer had friends among world leaders and key players in the CIA and the U.S. military , and he was also well connected with the Las Vegas bosses like the Teamsters ' Allen Dorfman and media mogul Hank Greenspun . One of Lamer's closest friends was Meyer Lansky and the two shared in their passionate Zionism and defense for the Jews' divine right to the land of Israel.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 368750312.
The opening as it stood in 2015 3 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Hyman "Hy" Larner (November 4, 1913 - October 12, 2002) was an American gangster associated with Sam Giancana and the Chicago Outfit .Known in the newspapers as the "The Ivy League Mobster", he was the head of the Chicago Outfit's slot machine racket.Hyman, a Jew , kept a low profile but was very powerful with the Chicago underworld.After Eddie Vogel retired from the gambling machine business, Larner became the power behind the scenes.When he testified before the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management in 1959, he invoked his Fifth Amendment rights fifty times. Larner expanded The Outfit's gambling and smuggling operations to Latin America, moving the organization's Miami operation to Latin America, headquartering in Panama , where money laundering was more easily facilitated by local banks. These operations were conducted as a partnership between the Mafia and the CIA . By 1966, this partnership had developed into arms smuggling to the Middle East for the Israeli Mossad , all via Panama. Hy Larner had friends among world leaders and key players in the CIA and the U.S. military , and he was also well connected with the Las Vegas bosses like the Teamsters ' Allen Dorfman and media mogul Hank Greenspun . One of Larner's closest friends was Meyer Lansky and the two shared in their passionate Zionism and defense for the Jews' divine right to the land of Israel.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 648507779.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023
Hyman Larner (November 4, 1913 – October 12, 2002) was an American gangster associated with Sam Giancana and the Chicago Outfit . Known in the newspapers as "the Ivy League Mobster", he was the head of the Chicago Outfit's slot machine racket. Larner, who was Jewish , kept a low profile but was very powerful with the Chicago underworld. After Eddie Vogel retired from the gambling machine business, Larner became the power behind the scenes. When he testified before the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management in 1959, he invoked his Fifth Amendment rights fifty-four times. Larner expanded the Outfit's gambling and smuggling operations to Panama and Iran , moving the organization's Miami operation's headquarters to Panama where money laundering was more easily facilitated by local banks. These operations were conducted as a partnership between the Mafia and the CIA . By 1966, this partnership had developed into arms smuggling to the Middle East for the Israeli Mossad , all via Panama. Larner had friends among world leaders and key players in the Central Intelligence Agency and the U.S. military , and he was also well connected with Las Vegas bosses like the Teamsters ' Allen Dorfman and media mogul Hank Greenspun . One of Larner's closest friends was Meyer Lansky , and the two shared in their passionate Zionism and defense for the Jews' divine right to the land of Israel.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1178161070.
The opening as it stood in 2025
American gangster (1913–2002) Hyman Larner (November 4, 1913 – October 12, 2002) was an American gangster associated with Sam Giancana and the Chicago Outfit . Known in the newspapers as "the Ivy League Mobster", he was the head of the Chicago Outfit's slot machine racket. Larner, who was Jewish , kept a low profile but was very powerful with the Chicago underworld. After Eddie Vogel retired from the gambling machine business, Larner became the power behind the scenes. When he testified before the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management in 1959, he invoked his Fifth Amendment rights fifty-four times. Larner expanded the Outfit's gambling and smuggling operations to Panama and Iran , moving the organization's Miami operation's headquarters to Panama where money laundering was more easily facilitated by local banks. These operations were conducted as a partnership between the Mafia and the CIA . By 1966, this partnership had developed into arms smuggling to the Middle East for the Israeli Mossad , all via Panama. Larner had friends among world leaders and key players in the Central Intelligence Agency and the U.S. military , and he was also well connected with Las Vegas bosses like the Teamsters ' Allen Dorfman and media mogul Hank Greenspun . One of Larner's closest friends was Meyer Lansky , and the two shared in their passionate Zionism and defense for the Jews' divine right to the land of Israel.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1263819989. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “jewish mobster and a close associate of sam giancana”. Today it says “american gangster associated with sam giancana and the chicago outfit”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2010, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
jewish mobster and a close associate of sam giancana
Now
american gangster associated with sam giancana and the chicago outfit
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.