Jihadism

Redirect to: Islamic terrorism

21-century Western neologism to describe armed Islamist movements " Jihadism " (also " jihadist movement ", " jihadi movement " and variants) is a 21st-century neologism found in Western languages to describe Islamist movements perceived as military movements "rooted in Islam" and "existentially threatening" to the West . It has been described as a "difficult term to define precisely", because it remains a recent neologism with no single, generally accepted meaning. The term "jihadism" first appeared in South Asian media; Western journalists adopted it in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks of 2001. It has since been applied to various insurgent and terrorist movements whose ideology is based on the Islamic notion of jihad . Contemporary jihadism ultimately has its roots in the late 19th- and early 20th-century ideological developments of Islamic revivalism , which developed into Qutbism and related ideologies during the mid-20th century. The terrorist organisations partaking in the Soviet–Afghan War of 1979 to 1989 reinforced the rise of jihadism, which has been propagated in various armed conflicts throughout the 1990s and 2000s. Gilles Kepel has diagnosed a specifically Salafi jihadism within the Salafi movement of the 1990s. Jihadism with an international, Pan-Islamist scope is also known as global jihadism . Studies show that with the rise of ISIS , many European Muslims, from countries like the Netherlands, Belgium, the UK, France, and Switzerland, traveled to Syria to join the global Jihad. The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements . Western media have tended to refer to Jihadism as a military movement rooted in political Islam. The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements . The meaning of Jihadism is a virtual moving target because it remains a recent neologism and no single, generally accepted meaning has been developed for it. "What do we know about the Islamic Radicalism: A meta-analysis of academic publications" . : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help ) Hekmatpour, Peyman; Burns, Thomas (14 August 2018). "Perception of Western governments' hostility to Islam among European Muslims before and after ISIS: the important roles of residential segregation and education" .

Islamist movements for jihad "Jihadist" redirects here. Territorial presence of jihadist groups and overview of the situation in each region Jihadism is a neologism for militant Islamic movements that are perceived as existentially threatening to the West . It has been applied to various insurgent Islamic extremist , militant Islamist , and terrorist individuals and organizations whose ideologies are based on the Islamic notion of jihad . It has also been applied to various Islamic empires in history, such as the Umayyad Caliphate and the Ottoman Empire , who extensively campaigned against non-Muslim nations in the name of jihad . Contemporary jihadism mostly has its roots in the late 19th- and early 20th-century ideological developments of Islamic revivalism , which further developed into Qutbism and related Islamist ideologies during the 20th and 21st centuries. The jihadist ideologues envisioned jihad as a "revolutionary struggle" against the secular international order to unite the Muslim world under the " rule of God ". The Islamist volunteer organisations which participated in the Soviet–Afghan War of 1979 to 1989 reinforced the rise of jihadism, which has been propagated during various armed conflicts throughout the 1990s and 2000s. Gilles Kepel has diagnosed a specific Salafist form of jihadism within the Salafi movement of the 1990s. Jihadism with an international, pan-Islamist scope is also known as global jihadism . Studies show that with the rise of ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh , some Muslim volunteers that came both from Western countries and Muslim-majority countries traveled to join the global jihad in Syria and Iraq . " "Jihadism" as a new religious movement" . In Hammer, Olav ; Rothstein, Mikael (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements . S2CID 156374198 . 'Jihadism' is a term that has been constructed in Western languages to describe militant Islamic movements that are perceived as existentially threatening to the West . Western media have tended to refer to Jihadism as a military movement which is rooted in political Islam . [...] 'Jihadism,' like the word jihad from which it is constructed, is a difficult term to precisely define. The meaning of Jihadism is a virtual moving target because it remains a recent neologism and no single, generally accepted meaning has been developed for it. "Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)". In Cusack, Carole M. ; Upal, M. Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements . The End of the Jihad State . Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists . Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises, and Dissent in World Politics (1st ed.). Partisans of Allah: Jihad in South Asia . Al Qaeda, Jihadism, and Fascism" . Terrorism and Political Violence . 19 . "What do we know about the Islamic Radicalism: A meta-analysis of academic publications" . resistance of Afghan Mujahideen against the Soviet invasion.. : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help ) Hekmatpour, Peyman; Burns, Thomas (14 August 2018). "Radicalism and Enantiodromia: A Trialectic of Modernity, Post-modernity, and Anti-modernity in the Islamic World" . : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help ) Kepel, Gilles (2021) [2000]. Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam . Homegrown: ISIS in America (1st ed.). London and New York : I.B. Cambridge, Massachusetts : National Bureau of Economic Research . "Perception of Western governments' hostility to Islam among European Muslims before and after ISIS: the important roles of residential segregation and education". The British Journal of Sociology . 70 (5).

Islamist movements for jihad "Jihadist" redirects here. Jihadism is a neologism for modern, armed militant Islamic movements that seek to establish states based on Islamic principles . In a narrower sense, it refers to the belief that armed confrontation is an efficient and theologically legitimate method of socio-political change towards an Islamic system of governance . The term "jihadism" has been applied to various Islamic extremist or Islamist individuals and organizations with militant ideologies based on the classical Islamic notion of lesser jihad . Jihadism has its roots in the late 19th- and early 20th-century ideological developments of Islamic revivalism , which further developed into Qutbism and Salafi jihadism related ideologies during the 20th and 21st centuries. Jihadist ideologues envision jihad as a "revolutionary struggle" against the international order to unite the Muslim world under Islamic law . The Islamist organizations that participated in the Soviet–Afghan War of 1979 to 1989 reinforced the rise of jihadism, which has since propagated during various armed conflicts . Jihadism rose in prominence after the 1990s; by one estimate, 5 percent of civil wars involved jihadist groups in 1990, but this grew to more than 40 percent by 2014. With the rise of the Islamic State (IS) militant group in 2014—which a large contingent of Jihadist groups have opposed—large numbers of foreign Muslim volunteers came from abroad to join the militant cause in Syria and Iraq. French political scientist and professor Gilles Kepel also identified a specific Salafist version of jihadism in the 1990s. Jihadism with an international, pan-Islamist scope is also known as global jihadism. The term has also been invoked to retroactively characterise the military campaigns of historic Islamic empires , and the later Fula jihads in West Africa in the 18th and 19th centuries. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies . Perspectives on Terrorism . 9 (2). Terrorism and Political Violence . 23 (3). "Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)". In Cusack, Carole M. ; Upal, M. Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements . Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists . Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises, and Dissent in World Politics (1st ed.). Partisans of Allah: Jihad in South Asia . Debating Authority and Martyrdom" . Al Qaeda, Jihadism, and Fascism" . Terrorism and Political Violence . 19 . "What do we know about the Islamic Radicalism: A meta-analysis of academic publications" . 113th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association . resistance of Afghan Mujahideen against the Soviet invasion.. "Radicalism and Enantiodromia: A Trialectic of Modernity, Post-modernity, and Anti-modernity in the Islamic World" . 113th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association . Cambridge, Massachusetts : National Bureau of Economic Research . "Perception of Western governments' hostility to Islam among European Muslims before and after ISIS: the important roles of residential segregation and education". The British Journal of Sociology . 70 (5). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam . "Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)". In Cusack, Carole M. ; Upal, M. Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements . Homegrown: ISIS in America (1st ed.). London and New York : I.B. French academics have put the term into academic circulation as 'jihadist-Salafism.' The qualifier of Salafism – an historical reference to the precursor of these movements – will inevitably be stripped away in popular usage. Homegrown: ISIS in America (1st ed.). London and New York : I.B. The End of the Jihad State .