John the Baptist

John the Baptist ( Hebrew : יוחנן המטביל, Yo-hanan ha-matbil, Yahyá or يوحنا المعمدان Yūhannā al-mamadan , Aramaic : ܝܘܚܢܢ Yokhanan ) was an itinerant preacher and a major religious figure who led a movement of baptism at the Jordan River . John was a historical figure who followed the example of previous Hebrew prophets, living austerely, challenging sinful rulers, calling for repentance , and promising God's justice. John is regarded as a prophet in Christianity , Islam , the Bahá'í Faith , and Mandaeism . Some scholars maintain that he was influenced by the Essenes , who were semi- ascetic , expected an apocalypse , and practiced rituals conferring strongly with baptism, although there is no direct evidence to substantiate this. John's baptism was a purification rite for repentant sinners, performed in "living water" (in this case a running river) in accord with Jewish custom. John anticipated a messianic figure who would be greater than himself. Jesus may have been a follower of John. Herod Antipas saw John as a threat and had him executed. Many Christian theologians believe that the ministry of Jesus followed John's, and some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. Both John and Jesus reportedly preached at times of great political, social, and religious conflict. Accounts of John in the New Testament are not incompatible with the account in Josephus , whose authority is respected. In the New Testament Jesus is the one whose coming John foretold. Herod has John imprisoned for denouncing his marriage, and he is later executed. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since in the Gospels , John announces Jesus' coming. He is also identified with the prophet Elijah , and is described by the Gospel of Luke as a relative of Jesus (Jesus' mother, the Virgin Mary , was a cousin to John's mother, Elizabeth ). Because Scripture described John as endowed with prenatal grace, the feast day of his birth (June 24) became celebrated more solemnly than that marking his martyrdom (August 29). In art, John's head is often depicted on a platter, which represents the request of Herod's stepdaughter, Salome . A theme of Christian art is the beheading of St. He is also depicted as an ascetic wearing camel hair and with a staff and scroll inscribed "Ecce Agnus Dei", or bearing a book or dish with a lamb on it. In Orthodox icons , he often has angel's wings, since Mark 1:2 describes him as ἄγγελος ( angelos ) (messenger). New York: Henry Holt and company. 1994. (ed.) (2005) Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd ed. The Acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus. Lights of Guidance: A Bahá'í Reference File . (1985) Understanding the Bible . The Acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus. (1993), refer to John as Jesus' precursor and mentor. Hoover; & the Jesus Seminar . (1985) Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield John 1:36–40 The named reference "Harris" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page ). (ed.) (2005) The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church . New York: Oxford University Press The named reference "ODCC self" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page ). Luke 1:36 The story appears in Matthew 14:8 and Mark 6:25 , without the name Salome

John the Baptist ( Hebrew : יוחנן המטביל Yoḥanan ha-mmaṭbil , Christian Ywḥnạ ạlmʿmdạn , Syriac : ܝܘܚܢܢ ܡܥܡܕܢܐ Yoḥanan Mamdana , Classical Yovhannēs Mkrtičʿ , Ioánnes o Baptistḗs or Ιωάννης ο Πρόδρομος Ioánnes o Pródromos , ) was an itinerant preacher and a major religious figure in Christianity , Islam (known as Yaḥyā ibn Zakarīyā ), the Bahá'í Faith , and Mandaeism . John is described as having the unique practice of baptism for the forgiveness of sins. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus . Scholars generally believe Jesus was a follower or disciple of John and several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. John the Baptist is also mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus . Some scholars maintain that John was influenced by the semi- ascetic Essenes , who expected an apocalypse and practiced rituals corresponding strongly with baptism, although no direct evidence substantiates this. According to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself, and Jesus was the one whose coming John foretold. Christians commonly refer to John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus, since John announces Jesus' coming. John is also identified with the prophet Elijah . The Oxford Companion to the Bible . Herod beheaded John at Machaerus in 31 or 32 CE. The Oxford Guide to People & Places of the Bible . "H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ : Επιτροπές της Ιεράς Συνόδου – Συνοδική Επιτροπή επί της Εκκλησιαστικής Τέχνης και Μουσικής" . "ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΙΝ: Η ΣΥΝΑΞΙΣ ΤΟΥ ΑΓΙΟΥ ΕΝΔΟΞΟΥ ΠΡΟΦΗΤΟΥ, ΠΡΟΔΡΟΜΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΒΑΠΤΙΣΤΟΥ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ (7 ΙΑΝΟΥΑΡΙΟΥ)" . (ed.) (2005) Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church , 3rd ed. The Acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus. Lights of Guidance: A Bahá'í Reference File . Sennott, The body and the blood , Public Affairs Pub, 2003. p 234 Google Link Jesus as a figure in history: how modern historians view the man from Galilee . Mark Allan Powell , published by Westminster John Knox Press, page 47 "Few would doubt the basic fact...Jesus was baptized by John" Sanders, E.P. (1985) Jesus and Judaism . Dunn , Jesus Remembered (Eerdmans, 2003) page 350. Webb, 'John the Baptist and his relationship to Jesus', in Bruce David Chilton, Craig Alan Evans, Studying the Historical Jesus: Evaluations of the State of Current Research (BRILL, 1998) page 219. (1985) Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield John 1:36–40 The named reference "Harris" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page ). (1985) Understanding the Bible . The Acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus.

1st-century Hebrew preacher and later Christian saint John the Baptist (late 1 century BC – AD 28–36) was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early 1 century AD. Other titles for John include John the Forerunner in Eastern Christianity , John the Immerser in some Baptist traditions, and the prophet John ( Yaḥyā ) in Islam. He is sometimes alternatively called John the Baptizer . John the Baptist is mentioned by the Hebrew historian Josephus and revered as a major religious figure in Christianity , Islam , the Bahá'í Faith , and Mandaeism . He is called a prophet by all of these faiths, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian traditions . According to the New Testament , John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself, and the Gospels portray John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus , since John announces Jesus' coming and prepares the people for Jesus' ministry. Jesus himself identifies John as "Elijah who is to come", which is a direct reference to the prophecy of Malachi 4:5–6 , that has been confirmed by the angel who announced John's birth to his father Zecharia. Some scholars maintain that John belonged to the Essenes , a semi- ascetic Judaic sect who expected a Hebrew messiah and who practiced ritual baptism. John used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his pre-messianic movement. Most scholars agree that John baptized Jesus , and several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus ' early followers had previously been followers of John. According to the New Testament John was sentenced to death and subsequently beheaded by Herod Antipas sometime between AD 28 and 36 after John rebuked him for divorcing his wife, Phasaelis, and then unlawfully wedding Herodias , the wife of his brother Herod Philip I . Luke 1:36 indicates that John was born about six months before Jesus, whose birth cannot be dated later than early in 4 AD, L. Morris, "John The Baptist", ed. The Oxford Companion to the Bible . Herod beheaded John at Machaerus in 31 or 32 AD. The Oxford Guide to People & Places of the Bible . Herod beheaded John at Machaerus in 31 or 32 AD. John the Baptist Encyclopædia Britannica online Swayd, Samy (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Druzes . "H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ : Επιτροπές της Ιεράς Συνόδου – Συνοδική Επιτροπή επί της Εκκλησιαστικής Τέχνης και Μουσικής" . "ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΙΝ: Η ΣΥΝΑΞΙΣ ΤΟΥ ΑΓΙΟΥ ΕΝΔΟΞΟΥ ΠΡΟΦΗΤΟΥ, ΠΡΟΔΡΟΜΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΒΑΠΤΙΣΤΟΥ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ (7 ΙΑΝΟΥΑΡΙΟΥ)" . (ed.) (2005) Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church , 3rd ed. John the Baptizer and Prophet: A Socio-historic Study . The Acts of Jesus: The search for the Authentic Deeds of Jesus . Lights of Guidance: A Bahá'í Reference File . Funk, Robert W. & the Jesus Seminar (1998). The Acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus. (1985) Understanding the Bible . Sennott, The body and the blood , Public Affairs Pub, 2003. p 234 Google Link Jesus as a figure in history: how modern historians view the man from Galilee . (1985) Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield John 1:36–40 There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).

1st-century Jewish itinerant preacher Not to be confused with John the Apostle . John the Baptist ( c. 1st century BC – c. AD 30 ) was a Judaean preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early 1st century AD. He is also known as John the Forerunner in Eastern Orthodoxy , John the Immerser in some Baptist Christian traditions, , Saint John by certain Catholic churches, and Prophet Yahya in Islam . He is sometimes alternatively referred to as John the Baptiser . John is mentioned by the Roman Jewish historian Josephus and he is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Baháʼí faith , the Druze faith , and Mandaeism , the latter in which he is considered to be the final and most vital prophet. He is considered to be a prophet of God by all of the aforementioned faiths, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian denominations . According to the New Testament , John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself, and the Gospels portray John as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus . Jesus himself identifies John as "Elijah who is to come", which is a direct reference to the Book of Malachi (Malachi 4:5), that has been confirmed by the angel who announced John's birth to his father, Zechariah . According to the Gospel of Luke , John and Jesus were relatives. Some scholars maintain that John belonged to the Essenes , a semi- ascetic Jewish sect who expected a messiah and practiced ritual baptism . John used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his pre-messianic movement. Most biblical scholars agree that John baptized Jesus , and several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus' early followers had previously been followers of John. According to the New Testament, John was sentenced to death and subsequently beheaded by Herod Antipas around AD 30 after John rebuked him for divorcing his wife Phasaelis and then unlawfully wedding Herodias , the wife of his brother Herod Philip I . Josephus also mentions John in the Antiquities of the Jews and states that he was executed by order of Herod Antipas in the fortress at Machaerus . John the Baptist by Pieter Bruegel the Elder , 1566 Followers of John existed well into the 2nd century AD, and some proclaimed him to be the messiah. In modern times, the followers of John the Baptist are the Mandaeans , an ancient ethnoreligious group who believe that he is their greatest and final prophet. In the Roman martyrology , apart from the Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary, St. John is the only saint whose birth and death are both commemorated. Luke 1:36 indicates that John was born about six months before Jesus, whose birth cannot be dated later than early in AD 4, L. Morris, "John The Baptist", ed. The Oxford Companion to the Bible . Herod beheaded John at Machaerus in 31 or 32 AD. The Oxford Guide to People & Places of the Bible . Herod beheaded John at Machaerus in 31 or 32 AD. John the Baptist Encyclopædia Britannica online Swayd, Samy (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Druzes . Lang, Bernhard 2009 Page 380 "Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής :: Άγιος Ιωάννης Πρόδρομος και Βαπτιστής (Σύλληψη)" (in Greek). "H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ : Επιτροπές της Ιεράς Συνόδου – Συνοδική Επιτροπή επί της Εκκλησιαστικής Τέχνης και Μουσικής" (in Greek). "ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΙΝ: Η ΣΥΝΑΞΙΣ ΤΟΥ ΑΓΙΟΥ ΕΝΔΟΞΟΥ ΠΡΟΦΗΤΟΥ, ΠΡΟΔΡΟΜΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΒΑΠΤΙΣΤΟΥ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ (7 ΙΑΝΟΥΑΡΙΟΥ)" (in Greek). John the Baptist, St (3rd ed.). John the Baptizer and Prophet: A Socio-historic Study . The Acts of Jesus: The search for the Authentic Deeds of Jesus . Lights of Guidance: A Baháʼí Reference File . Funk, Robert W. & the Jesus Seminar (1998). The Acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus . Sennott, The body and the blood , Public Affairs Pub, 2003. p 234 Google Link Jesus as a figure in history: how modern historians view the man from Galilee . (1985) Understanding the Bible. John and Judaism: A Contested Relationship in Context . John the Baptist?" . 23 June 2020. There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).

1st-century prophet Not to be confused with John the Apostle . John the Baptist ( c. 6 BC – c. AD 30 ) was a Jewish preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early first century AD. He is also known as Saint John the Forerunner in Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy , John the Immerser in some Baptist Christian traditions, and as the prophet Yahya ibn Zakariya in Islam . He is sometimes referred to as John the Baptiser . John is mentioned by the Roman Jewish historian Josephus , and he is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith , the Druze faith, and Mandaeism ; in the last of these he is considered to be the final and most vital prophet. He is considered to be a prophet of God by all of the aforementioned faiths, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian denominations . According to the New Testament , John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself; in the Gospels , he is portrayed as the precursor or forerunner of Jesus . According to the Gospel of Matthew , Jesus himself identifies John as "Elijah who is to come", which is a direct reference to the Book of Malachi (Malachi 4:5), as confirmed by the angel who announced John's birth to his father, Zechariah . According to the Gospel of Luke , John and Jesus were relatives. Some scholars think that John belonged to the Essenes , a semi- ascetic Jewish sect who expected a messiah and practised ritual baptism . John used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his pre-messianic movement. Most biblical scholars agree that John baptized Jesus , and several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus's early followers had previously been followers of John. According to the New Testament, John was sentenced to death and subsequently beheaded by Herod Antipas around AD 30 after John rebuked him for divorcing his wife and then unlawfully wedding Herodias , the wife of his brother Herod Philip I . Josephus also mentions John in the Antiquities of the Jews and states that he was executed by order of Herod Antipas in the fortress at Machaerus . John the Baptist by Pieter Bruegel the Elder , 1566 Followers of John existed into the second century AD, and some proclaimed him to be the Messiah awaited by Jews . In modern times, the followers of John the Baptist are the Mandaeans , an ancient ethnoreligious group who believe that he is their greatest and final prophet. In the Roman martyrology , John is the only saint whose birth and death are both commemorated. Luke 1:36 indicates that John was born about six months before Jesus, whose birth cannot be dated later than early in AD 4, L. Morris, "John the Baptist", ed. The Oxford Companion to the Bible . Herod beheaded John at Machaerus in 31 or 32 AD. The Oxford Guide to People & Places of the Bible . Herod beheaded John at Machaerus in 31 or 32 AD. Historical Dictionary of the Druzes . H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ : Επιτροπές της Ιεράς Συνόδου – Συνοδική Επιτροπή επί της Εκκλησιαστικής Τέχνης και Μουσικής (in Greek). "ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΙΝ: Η ΣΥΝΑΞΙΣ ΤΟΥ ΑΓΙΟΥ ΕΝΔΟΞΟΥ ΠΡΟΦΗΤΟΥ, ΠΡΟΔΡΟΜΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΒΑΠΤΙΣΤΟΥ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ (7 ΙΑΝΟΥΑΡΙΟΥ)" (in Greek). John the Baptist: A Biography . Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd ed.). John the Baptizer and Prophet: A Socio-historic Study . The Acts of Jesus: The search for the Authentic Deeds of Jesus . Lights of Guidance: A Baháʼí Reference File . Funk, Robert W. & the Jesus Seminar (1998). The Acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus . John the Baptist: A Biography . Jesus as a figure in history: how modern historians view the man from Galilee . (1985) Understanding the Bible. John and Judaism: A Contested Relationship in Context . John the Baptist?" . 23 June 2020. There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).