Kingdom of Judah

Judea is a term used for the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel . The Kingdom of Judah ( Hebrew : מַלְכּוּת יְהוּדָה , Modern : Malkut Yehuda , Tiberian : Malkûṯ Yəhûḏā ) existed at two periods in Jewish history. According to the Hebrew Bible , a kingdom emerged in Judah after the death of Saul , when the tribe of Judah elevated David , who came from the Tribe of Judah , to rule over it. After seven years David became king of a reunited Kingdom of Israel , and David moved the capital from Hebron to Jerusalem . However, in about 930 BC the united kingdom split, with ten of the twelve Tribes of Israel rejecting Solomon's son Rehoboam as their king. The Tribes of Judah and Benjamin remained loyal to Rehoboam, and reformed the Kingdom of Judah, while the other entity continuing to be called the Kingdom of Israel , or Israel. The Kingdom of Judah is also often referred to as the Southern Kingdom , while the Kingdom of Israel following the split is referred to as the Northern Kingdom. Judah existed until 586 BC , when it was conquered by the Babylonian Empire under Nebuzar-adan, captain of Nebuchadnezzar 's body-guard. With the deportation of most of the population and the destruction of the Temple and of Jerusalem, the destruction of the kingdom was complete. Gedaliah , with a Chaldean guard stationed at Mizpah , was made governor to rule over Judah, but before long he was assassinated, and the remnant of the community was left leaderless. The Davidic dynasty began when the tribe of Judah made David its king, following the death of Saul. The Davidic line continued when David became king of the reunited Kingdom of Israel. When the united kingdom split, the tribes of Judah and Benjamin continued to be loyal to the Davidic line, which ruled it until the kingdom was destroyed in 586 BC. However, the Davidic line continued to be respected by the exiles in Babylon, who regarded the Exilarchs as kings-in-exile. 2 Samuel 5:6–7 2 Kings 25:8–21 2 Kings 25:22–24 Jeremiah 40:6–8

Judea is a term used for the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel . The Kingdom of Judah ( , Mamlekhet Yehuda ) was a state established in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age . The Bible says that the kingdom of Judah, along with the northern Kingdom of Israel , was the successor to a United Monarchy , but modern archaeology and textual analysis have suggested otherwise, rejecting the account of a united monarchy and indicating that Judah became a fully developed kingdom much later than the culturally related but politically distinct northern kingdom of Israel. It is often referred to as the "Southern Kingdom" to distinguish it from the northern Kingdom of Israel. Judah emerged as a state probably no earlier than the 9th century BCE, although there are differences of opinion as to the dating. In the 7th century BCE, Jerusalem became the capital of the kingdom and a city with a population many times greater than before and would dominate the state and its neighbours, probably as the result of a cooperative arrangement with the Assyrians , who wished to establish Judah as a pro-Assyrian vassal state controlling the valuable olive industry. The Ancient Near East . Early History of the Israelite People . A History of the Jewish People , H.H. Ben-Sasson ed., Harvard University Press, 1976, page 142: "Sargon's heir, Sennacherib (705–681), could not deal with Hezekiah's revolt until he gained control of Babylon in 702. ..."

Judea is a term used for the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel . Today part of Israel Palestine The Kingdom of Judah ( Mamléḵeṯ Yehudāh ; Ya'uda ; Bēyt Dāwīḏ ) was an Iron Age kingdom of the Southern Levant . The Hebrew Bible depicts it as the successor to the United Monarchy , a term denoting the Kingdom of Israel under biblical kings Saul , David and Solomon and covering the territory of two historical kingdoms, Judah and Israel ; but some scholars, including Israel Finkelstein and Alexander Fantalkin, believe that the existent archaeological evidence for an extensive Kingdom of Judah before the late 8th century BCE is too weak, and that the methodology used to obtain the evidence is flawed. Such scholars believe that, prior to this era, the kingdom was no more than a small tribal entity which was limited to Jerusalem and its immediate surroundings. In the 10th and early 9th centuries BCE, the territory of Judah appears to have been sparsely populated, limited to small rural settlements, most of them unfortified. Jerusalem, the kingdom's capital, likely did not emerge as a significant administrative center until the end of the 8th century; before this the archaeological evidence suggests its population was too small to sustain a viable kingdom. In the 7th century its population increased greatly, prospering under Assyrian vassalage (despite Hezekiah's revolt against the Assyrian king Sennacherib ), but in 605 the Assyrian Empire was defeated , and the ensuing competition between the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt and the Neo-Babylonian Empire for control of the Eastern Mediterranean led to the destruction of the kingdom in a series of campaigns between 597 and 582, the deportation of the elite of the community , and the incorporation of Judah into a province of the Neo-Babylonian Empire . David's Jerusalem: Between Memory and History . [...] the reading of bytdwd as "House of David" has been challenged by those unconvinced of the inscription's allusion to an eponymous David or the kingdom of Judah. Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel . Haaretz . ...an important group of archaeologists and biblical scholars formed the view that in reality the kingdom of David and Solomon bore little resemblance to the biblical portrait of an extensive, powerful, united monarchy. This view derives primarily from the fact that no 10th century BCE archaeological finds exist that could corroborate claims of the existence of a magnificent biblical kingdom extending from Be'er Sheva in the south to Dan in the north. Accordingly, these scholars and archaeologists conclude that the so-called kingdom was no more than a small tribal entity, meager in substance and sparse in population, which did not extend beyond the boundaries of Jerusalem and its immediate surroundings. One God – One Cult – One Nation. Kratz and Hermann Spieckermann in Collaboration with Björn Corzilius and Tanja Pilger, (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 405) . A History of the Jewish People . Sargon's heir, Sennacherib (705–681), could not deal with Hezekiah's revolt until he gained control of Babylon in 702.

Iron Age kingdom in the southern Levant "Kingdom of Judea" redirects here. Today part of Israel Palestine The Kingdom of Judah ( , Yəhūdā ; Ya'údâ [ ia-ú-da-a-a ]; Bēyt Dāwīḏ , " House of David ") was a Semitic-speaking kingdom of the Southern Levant during the Iron Age . Centered in the highlands of Judea , the kingdom's capital was Jerusalem . Jews are named after Judah and are primarily descended from it. The Hebrew Bible depicts the Kingdom of Judah as a successor to the United Kingdom of Israel , a term denoting the united monarchy under biblical kings Saul , David and Solomon and covering the territory of Judah and Israel . However, during the 1980s, some biblical scholars began to argue that the archaeological evidence for an extensive kingdom before the late-8th century BCE is too weak, and that the methodology used to obtain the evidence is flawed. In the 10th and early 9th centuries BCE, the territory of Judah appears to have been sparsely populated, limited to small rural settlements, most of them unfortified. The Tel Dan Stele , discovered in 1993, shows that the kingdom, at least in some form, existed by the middle of the 9th century BCE, but it does not indicate the extent of its power. Recent excavations at Khirbet Qeiyafa , however, support the existence of a centrally organized and urbanized kingdom by the 10th century BCE, according to the excavators. In the 7th century BCE, the kingdom's population increased greatly, prospering under Assyrian vassalage , despite Hezekiah's revolt against the Assyrian king Sennacherib . Josiah took advantage of the political vacuum that resulted from Assyria's decline and the emergence of Egyptian rule over the area to enact his religious reforms. The Deuteronomistic history , which recounts the history of the nation from Joshua to Josiah and expresses a worldview based on the legal principles found in Deuteronomy , is assumed to have been written during this same time period and emphasizes the significance of upholding them. With the final fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in 605 BCE, competition emerged between Egypt and the Neo-Babylonian Empire over control of the Levant , ultimately resulting in Judah's rapid decline. The early 6th century BCE saw a wave of Egyptian-backed Judahite rebellions against Babylonian rule being crushed. In 587 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar II besieged and destroyed Jerusalem , bringing an end to the kingdom. A large number of Judeans were exiled to Babylon , and the fallen kingdom was then annexed as a Babylonian province . After Babylon's fall to the Persian Achaemenid Empire , king Cyrus the Great allowed the Jews who had been deported after the conquest of Judah to return. They were allowed to self-rule under Persian governance . It was not until 400 years later, following the Maccabean Revolt , that the Jews fully regained independence. David's Jerusalem: Between Memory and History . Legacy : a Genetic History of the Jewish People . OCLC 798209542 . : CS1 maint: others ( link ) Adams, Hannah (1840). The history of the Jews : from the destruction of Jerusalem to the present time . Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel . One God – One Cult – One Nation. Kratz and Hermann Spieckermann in Collaboration with Björn Corzilius and Tanja Pilger, (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 405) . The Tel Dan inscription generated a good deal of debate and a flurry of articles when it first appeared, but it is now widely regarded (a) as genuine and (b) as referring to the Davidic dynasty and the Aramaic kingdom of Damascus. Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction . Today, after much further discussion in academic journals, it is accepted by most archaeologists that the inscription is not only genuine but that the reference is indeed to the House of David, thus representing the first allusion found anywhere outside the Bible to the biblical David. Some unfounded accusations of forgery have had little or no effect on the scholarly acceptance of this inscription as genuine. A History of the Jewish People . Sargon's heir, Sennacherib (705–681), could not deal with Hezekiah's revolt until he gained control of Babylon in 702 BCE. The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule .

Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant "Kingdom of Judea" redirects here. The Kingdom of Judah was an Israelite kingdom of the Southern Levant during the Iron Age . Centered in the highlands to the west of the Dead Sea , the kingdom's capital was Jerusalem . It was ruled by the Davidic line for four centuries. Jews are named after Judah, and primarily descend from people who lived in the region. The Hebrew Bible depicts the Kingdom of Judah as one of the two successor states of the United Kingdom of Israel , a term denoting the united monarchy under biblical kings Saul , David , and Solomon and covering the territory of Judah and Israel . However, during the 1980s, some biblical scholars began to argue that the archaeological evidence for an extensive kingdom before the late 8th century BCE is too weak, and that the methodology used to obtain the evidence is flawed. In the 10th and early 9th centuries BCE, the territory of Judah might have been limitedly populated, comprising some fortified sites and many unfortified rural settlements. The Tel Dan Stele , discovered in 1993, shows that the kingdom existed in some form by the middle of the 9th century BCE, but it does not indicate the extent of its power. Recent excavations at Khirbet Qeiyafa , however, support the existence of a centrally organized and urbanized kingdom by the 10th century BCE, according to the excavators. In the 7th century BCE, the kingdom's population increased greatly, prospering under Neo-Assyrian vassalage despite Hezekiah's revolt against the Assyrian king Sennacherib . Josiah took advantage of the political vacuum that resulted from Assyria's decline and the emergence of Saite Egyptian rule over the area to enact his religious reforms. The Deuteronomistic history , which recounts the history of the people of Israel from Joshua to Josiah and expresses a worldview based on the legal principles found in the Book of Deuteronomy , is assumed to have been written during this same time period and emphasizes the significance of upholding them. With the final fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in 605 BCE, competition emerged between Saite Egypt and the Neo-Babylonian Empire over control of the Levant , ultimately resulting in Judah's rapid decline. The early 6th century BCE saw a wave of Egyptian-backed Judahite rebellions against Babylonian rule being crushed. In 587 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar II engaged in a siege of Jerusalem , ultimately destroying the city and ending the kingdom. A large number of Judeans were exiled to Babylon , and the fallen kingdom was then annexed as a Babylonian province . After the fall of Babylon to the Achaemenid Empire , the Achaemenid king Cyrus the Great allowed the Jews who had been deported after the conquest of Judah to return. They were allowed autonomous rule under Persian governance . It was not until 400 years later, following the Maccabean Revolt , that Judeans fully regained independence. David's Jerusalem: Between Memory and History . The Oxford Illustrated History of the Holy Land . Western Civilization: Volume A: To 1500 . The people of Judah survived, eventually becoming known as the Jews and giving their name to Judaism, the religion of Yahweh, the Israelite God. Legacy: a Genetic History of the Jewish People . The history of the Jews: from the destruction of Jerusalem to the present time . Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel . One God – One Cult – One Nation. Kratz and Hermann Spieckermann in Collaboration with Björn Corzilius and Tanja Pilger, (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 405) . The Tel Dan inscription generated a good deal of debate and a flurry of articles when it first appeared, but it is now widely regarded (a) as genuine and (b) as referring to the Davidic dynasty and the Aramaic kingdom of Damascus. Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction . Today, after much further discussion in academic journals, it is accepted by most archaeologists that the inscription is not only genuine but that the reference is indeed to the House of David, thus representing the first allusion found anywhere outside the Bible to the biblical David. Some unfounded accusations of forgery have had little or no effect on the scholarly acceptance of this inscription as genuine. A History of the Jewish People . Sargon's heir, Sennacherib (705–681), could not deal with Hezekiah's revolt until he gained control of Babylon in 702 BCE. The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).