Maynila (historical polity)

The Kingdom of Seludong or Saludung , which after colonization became Manila , capital of the Philippines , was one of three major city-states that dominated the area around the upper portion of the Pasig River before the arrival of Spanish colonizers in the 1500s. The early inhabitants of the present-day Manila engaged in trade relations with its Asian neighbors as well as with the Hindu empires of Java and Sumatra as confirmed by archaeological findings. Trade ties between China became extensive by the 10th century , while contacts with Arabs reached its peak in the 12th century . During the reign of Sultan Bolkiah (1485-1521) the Kingdom of Brunei decided to break the Tondo's monopoly in the China trade by attacking Tondo and establishing the city-state of Seludong as a Bruneian satellite. This is narrated through Tausug and Malay royal histories, where the names Seludong , Saludong or Selurong are used to denote Manila prior to colonization. Because of the presence of plants called " nila " ( Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea ), this new city was eventually named "May-nila," which transliterates as "There is nila (here)". Maynila is also sometimes called Maynilad because nila is popularly referred to as nilad by people unfamiliar with the plant, a correction asserted by historians Ambeth Ocampo and Carmen Guerrero Nakpil . In the mid-16th century, the areas of present-day Manila were sultanates and they were governed by Muslim rajahs. Sulaiman II (also known as Matandâ) and his nephew, Sulaiman III, ruled the Muslim communities south of the Pasig River , including the Kingdom of Maynila, while Lakandula ruled the Kingdom of Tondo north of the river. These settlements held ties with the sultanates of Brunei , Sulu , and Ternate , Indonesia (not to be confused with Ternate in present-day Cavite ).

Today part of Philippines The Kingdom of Maynila ( Tagalog : Maynila Old Malay : Kota Seludong , Jawi script : کوتا سلودوڠ), was one of three major city-states that dominated the area by the lower reaches and mouth of the Pasig River before the arrival of Spanish colonizers in the 16th century. It is the site of present-day Manila , the capital of the Republic of the Philippines .

( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Today part of Philippines This article contains Baybayin script. Without proper rendering support , you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Baybayin characters. In early Philippine history , the Tagalog Bayan ("country" or "polity") of Maynila ( ; Baybayin : ᜊᜌᜈ᜔ ᜅ᜔ ᜋᜌ᜔ᜈᜒᜎ/ᜊᜌᜈ᜴ ᜈᜅ᜴ ᜋᜌ᜴ᜈᜒᜎ ) was a major trade hub located on the southern part of the Pasig River delta , where the modern day district of Intramuros currently stands. Historical texts indicate that it was led by paramount rulers who used the title "Rajah", but the introduction of hispanized literary forms have led to it sometimes being inappropriately referred to as the " Kingdom of Maynila ". Some early historic texts also refer to it as the " Kingdom of Luzon ", although scholarship suggests that the latter term might actually refer to the Manila Bay region as a whole, rather than just Maynila. The earliest oral traditions suggest that Maynila was founded as a Muslim principality as early as the 1250s, supplanting an even older pre-Islamic settlement. However, the earliest archeological evidence for organized human settlements in the area dates to around 1500s. By the 16th century, it had become an important trading center, with extensive political ties with the Sultanate of Brunei and extensive trade relations with Ming dynasty . Together with Tondo , the polity ( bayan ) on the northern part of the Pasig River delta, it established a shared monopoly on the trade of Chinese goods. Maynila and Luzon are sometimes associated with the Bruneian legends which describe a settlement called " Seludong ", but Southeast Asian scholars believe this refers to a settlement Mount Selurong in Indonesia. Intermarriage was a common strategy for large thassalocratic states such as Brunei to extend their influence, and for local rulers such as those of Maynila to help strengthen their family claims to nobility. Actual political and military rule over the large distances characteristic of Maritime Southeast Asia was not possible until relatively modern times. By 1570, Maynila was under the rule of two paramount rulers (the more senior Rajah Matanda and the younger Rajah Sulayman ), who in turn had several lower-ranked rulers (" Datu ") under them. This was the political situation encountered by Martin de Goiti when he attacked Maynila in May of that year. This "Battle of Maynila" ended with a fire that destroyed the fortified settlement of Maynila, although it is not clear whether the fire was set by Goiti or by the inhabitants themselves as part of the scorched earth tactics typically used in the archipelago during that era. Maynila had been partially rebuilt by the following year, 1571, when the full forces of de Goiti's superior, Miguel López de Legazpi , arrived in the city to claim it as a territory of New Spain . After extensive negotiations with the leaders of Maynila and those of the neighbouring settlement in Tondo, Maynila was declared as the new Spanish city of Manila on 24 June 1571, effectively ending Maynila's history as an independent polity. Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library . Southeast Asia: An Introductory History (Ninth ed.). A History of the Inarticulate . There are <ref group=Notes> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).

Major historical polity in Luzon ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Today part of Philippines This article contains Baybayin script. Without proper rendering support , you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Baybayin characters. Maynila, also known commonly as Manila , was a major Islamic Tagalog bayan ("country" or "city-state") situated along the modern-day district of Intramuros in the city of Manila , at the southern bank of the Pasig River . It was considered to be one of the most cosmopolitan of the early historic settlements on the Philippine archipelago , fortified with a wooden palisade which was appropriate for the predominant battle tactics of its time . At the northern bank of the river lies the separately-led polity of Tondo. Maynila was led by paramount rulers who were referred to using the Malay title of "Raja". In popular literature and in history texts from the first few decades after Philippine independence , precolonial Maynila is often referred to as the " Kingdom of Maynila" , and its Rajas portrayed as "kings," even if they did not exercise sovereignty in the technical sense of achieving a " monopoly on the legitimate use of force ". Instead, limited population sizes, the ready availability of land, and seasonally migratory agricultural practices meant that their authority was based on interpersonal loyalty structures and social obligations vis a vis clearly defined territorial dominion. Maynila is sometimes interpreted to be the Kingdom of Luzon , although some historians suggest that this might rather refer to the Manila Bay region as a whole, expanding the possible dominion of the kingdom. The earliest oral traditions suggest that Maynila was founded as a Muslim settlement as early as the 1250s, supposedly supplanting an even older pre-Islamic settlement. However, the earliest archeological findings for organized human settlements in the area dates to around 1500s. By the 16th century, it was already an important trading center, with extensive political ties with the Sultanate of Brunei and extensive trade relations with traders from the Ming dynasty . With Tondo, the polity on the northern part of the Pasig River delta, it established a duopoly on the intraarchipelagic trade of Chinese goods. Intermarriage was a common strategy for large thassalocratic states such as Brunei to extend their influence, and for local rulers such as those of Maynila to help strengthen their family claims to nobility. Actual political and military rule over the large distances characteristic of Maritime Southeast Asia was not possible until relatively modern times. By 1570, Maynila was under the rule of two paramount rulers (the more senior Rajah Matanda and the younger Rajah Sulayman ), who in turn had several lower-ranked rulers (" datu ") under them. This was the political situation encountered by Martin de Goiti when he attacked Maynila in May of that year. This "Battle of Maynila" ended with a fire that destroyed the fortified settlement of Maynila, although it is not clear whether the fire was set by Goiti or by the inhabitants themselves as part of the scorched earth tactics typically used in the archipelago during that era. Maynila had been partially rebuilt by the following year, 1571, when the full forces of de Goiti's superior, Miguel López de Legazpi , arrived in the city to claim it as a territory of New Spain . After extensive negotiations with the leaders of Maynila and those of the neighbouring settlement in Tondo, Maynila was declared as the new Spanish city of Manila on June 24, 1571, effectively ending Maynila's history as an independent polity. There are <ref group=Notes> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ). Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library .