Wikipedia's first sentence called it “russian businessman”. Today it says “ukrainian-born”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2005 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2005
He is one of the youngest of Russian oligarchs ( Roman Abramovich is younger).1Along with Peter Aven, Fridman founded the Alfa Group Consortium, a holding company which today controls Alfa Bank (opened in 1991), Alfa Capital, Tyumen Oil and several construction material firms (cement, timber, glass) as well as food processing businesses and a supermarket chain. The two are also major holders of tea and sugar plant processors. Fridman in 2003 sold half of his Alfa group's oil subsidiary Tyumen Oil to BP for $6.15 billion, so far the biggest foreign investment ever in a Russian company.2
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 16216645.
The opening as it stood in 2010 3 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Mikhail Maratovich Fridman (Russian: Михаи́л Мара́тович Фри́дман ; born 21 April 1964 in Lviv , Ukraine) is a Russian businessman. He is one of the youngest of Russian oligarchs . In 2010, Forbes assessed his wealth as $12.7 billion.Fridman is currently the 2nd richest man in Russia and the 42nd richest man in the world according to the 2010 Forbes list with an estimated fortune of $12.7 billion.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 367905446.
The opening as it stood in 2015 3 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Mikhail Maratovich Fridman (Russian: Михаи́л Мара́тович Фри́дман ; born 21 April 1964) is a Russian businessman of Ukrainian Jewish descent.In the 1980s, as a student, Fridman scalped theater tickets on a large scale.In 1988 Fridman started his career in trading and financial services before founding Alfa Group Consortium in 1989.Fridman sits as Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Alfa Group Consortium, which is now one of Russia's largest privately owned investment groups.In 2014, Forbes assessed his wealth as $15.6 billion, making him the 2nd richest person in Russia.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 668054041.
The opening as it stood in 2020 3 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Mikhail Maratovich Fridman (also transliterated Mikhail Friedman; Russian: Михаи́л Мара́тович Фри́дман ; born 21 April 1964) is a Russian business magnate.He co-founded Alfa-Group , a multinational Russian conglomerate.According to Forbes , he was the seventh richest Russian as of 2017.In May 2017, he was also ranked as Russia's most important businessman by bne IntelliNews .In 1991 he co-founded Alfa-Bank , which is one of the largest private banks in Russia.After serving as CEO of TNK-BP , the 50/50 TNK-BP joint venture, for nine years, in 2013 he sold his stake in the company and co-founded the international investment company LetterOne (L1), headquartered in Luxembourg .Fridman currently sits as chairman of the supervisory board of Alfa Group Consortium , and he is also on the boards of Alfa-Bank and ABH Holdings, which is the Luxembourg-based holding company of Alfa Banking Group.He is also on the supervisory board of directors for VEON (formerly Vimpelcom) and X5 Retail Group .He is a member of the supervisory board of DEA Deutsche Erdoel AG , which is owned by LetterOne.Fridman has been a member of numerous public facing bodies, including the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs , the Public Chamber of Russia , and the Council on Foreign Relations .Also a philanthropist and active supporter of cultural initiatives, he co-founded the Russian Jewish Congress ; the Genesis Prize ; and the Genesis Philanthropy Group , which supports Russian-speaking Jews worldwide.The Guardian . 2 July 2007 .The Oligarchs: Wealth And Power In The New Russia ."CEE's Top Business Leaders: Eastern Europe" . bne IntelliNews .The Economist . 17 February 2011 .Council on Foreign Relations . 2009 .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 948763402.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Russian–Israeli businessman, billionaire, and oligarch Not to be confused with Michael Freedman .Mikhail Maratovich Fridman (also transliterated Mikhail Friedman ; Russian: Михаил Маратович Фридман ; ; born 21 April 1964) is a Ukrainian-born, Russian–Israeli businessman, billionaire, and oligarch .He is one of the co-founders of Alfa-Group , a multinational Russian conglomerate. According to Forbes , he was the seventh-richest Russian as of 2017. (Moved to 11th place in 2020.) In May 2017, he was also ranked as Russia's most important businessman by bne IntelliNews .In August 2022, Fridman had a net worth of $11.2 billion, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index .In 1991 he co-founded Alfa-Bank , one of the largest private banks in Russia. After serving as CEO of TNK-BP , the 50/50 TNK-BP joint venture, for nine years, in 2013 he sold his stake in the company and co-founded the international investment company LetterOne (L1). Until 2022 Fridman was chairman of the supervisory board of Alfa Group Consortium , and also served on the boards of Alfa-Bank and ABH Holdings.Prior to 2022, he was on the supervisory board of directors for VEON (formerly Vimpelcom) and X5 Retail Group . He is a member of the supervisory board of DEA Deutsche Erdoel AG , which is owned by LetterOne. Fridman has been a member of numerous public-facing bodies, including the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs , the Public Chamber of Russia , and the Council on Foreign Relations . In 2022 the EU imposed sanctions on Fridman in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine .Fridman claimed the EU's allegations were false and defamatory.He subsequently decided to step down from the boards of LetterOne and Alfa Group so that they could avoid sanctions.As reported by several media, Fridman has already filed lawsuits challenging sanctions on at least two occasions: in July 2022 and in December 2022.In December 2022, a man reported by Russian state media to be Fridman was arrested in London by the UK's National Crime Agency on charges of money laundering , conspiracy to defraud the Home Office and conspiracy to commit perjury.The UK National Crime Agency did not name the man, stating only that it had detained a 58-year-old "wealthy Russian businessman" at a "multi-million-pound residence".Subsequently, the agency scaled back its probe.In September 2023 the National Crime Agency closed the investigation. The Guardian . 2 July 2007 . The Oligarchs: Wealth And Power In The New Russia . "CEE's Top Business Leaders: Eastern Europe" . bne IntelliNews . The Economist . 17 February 2011 . Council on Foreign Relations . 2009 . "Источник сообщил о задержании в Лондоне Михаила Фридмана" . tass.ru .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1177578449.
The opening as it stood in 2025 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Russian–Israeli billionaire businessman and oligarch (born 1964) Not to be confused with Michael Freedman .Mikhail Maratovich Fridman (also transliterated Mikhail Friedman ; Russian : Михаил Маратович Фридман ; Hebrew : מיכאיל פרידמן ; born 21 April 1964) is a Ukrainian-born, Russian–Israeli tycoon and oligarch . He is one of the co-founders of Alfa-Group , a multinational Russian conglomerate. According to Forbes , he was the second-richest Russian as of 2013 ($16.5 billion), moving down to ninth-richest Russian in 2023 ($12.6 billion). In May 2017, he was also ranked as Russia's most important businessman by bne IntelliNews . In February 2024, Fridman had a net worth of $13.1 billion, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index .As per Forbes list of The Richest People In The World, dated 6 February 2025 Mikhail Fridman ranked #150 with a net worth of $13.3 Billion. In 1991, he co-founded Alfa-Bank , one of the largest private banks in Russia. After being CEO of TNK-BP , the 50/50 TNK-BP joint venture, for nine years, in 2013 he sold his stake in the company and co-founded the international investment company LetterOne (L1). Until 2022 Fridman was chairman of the supervisory board of Alfa Group Consortium , and was on the boards of Alfa-Bank and ABH Holdings. Prior to 2022, he was on the supervisory board of directors for VEON (formerly Vimpelcom) and X5 Retail Group . He is a member of the supervisory board of DEA Deutsche Erdoel AG , which is owned by LetterOne. Fridman has been a member of numerous public-facing bodies, including the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs , the Public Chamber of Russia , and the Council on Foreign Relations . In 2022, the EU imposed sanctions on Fridman in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . Fridman claimed the EU's allegations were false and defamatory. He subsequently decided to step down from the boards of LetterOne and Alfa Group, so that they could avoid sanctions. As reported by several media, Fridman has already filed lawsuits challenging sanctions on at least two occasions, like in July 2022 and in December 2022. In December 2022, a man reported by Russian state media to be Fridman was arrested in London by the UK's National Crime Agency, on charges of money laundering , conspiracy to defraud the Home Office and conspiracy to commit perjury. The UK National Crime Agency did not name the man, stating only that it had detained a 58-year-old "wealthy Russian businessman" at a "multi-million-pound residence". He was later released on bail. Subsequently, the agency scaled back its probe. In September 2023 the National Crime Agency closed the investigation. In October 2023, Fridman reportedly announced to return to Russia. The Guardian . 2 July 2007 . The Oligarchs: Wealth And Power In The New Russia . The Economist . 17 February 2011 . Council on Foreign Relations . 2009 . "Источник сообщил о задержании в Лондоне Михаила Фридмана" . tass.ru . Agenzia ANSA (in Italian). 3 December 2022 .Fridman heads home, as pro-war lobby push for punishments against emigrants (18 October 2023)
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1297120724. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “russian businessman”. Today it says “ukrainian-born”. Read the current article and compare.
2005
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2005, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
russian businessman
Now
ukrainian-born
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.