Mordechai Maklef

Mordechai (Motke) Maklef ( 1920 - 1978 ) was the third Chief of Staff of the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) and later, director-general of many important public companies in the Israeli economy .¹ Maklef was born in the village of Motza in the British Mandate of Palestine in 1920. His parents were among the founders of the village, located along the road leading to Jerusalem . During the Arab Uprising of 1929 , inhabitants of the neighboring Arab village of Kolonia attacked the Maklef home, which was located along the perimeter of Motza, and killed the entire family, except the young Mordechai, who managed to escape the massacre by jumping from a second story window. The murderers included a shepherd employed by the family and the local policeman, who was the only person in the area to own a gun. The murder shocked the Jewish settlers of Palestine, and was one of the most remembered rioting events. With his immediate family now dead, Mordechai Maklef was raised by relatives in Jerusalem and Haifa . As a teen, Maklef was active in the Haganah and in Orde Wingate 's Night Raiders unit. With the outbreak of World War II , he enlisted in the British Army and fought in North Africa and Italy . Upon his release from the army with the rank of major, he remained in Europe , engaged in illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine and acquiring arms for the emerging Jewish state. He later returned to Palestine and rejoined the Haganah. During Israel's War of Independence , Maklef fought in the Carmeli Brigade, as its senior operation officer and later as brigade commander, participating in battles near Haifa and Acre . He also took part in Operation Hiram , in which Jewish forces captured the entire Galilee for Israel. After the war, he headed the Israeli delegation to talks with Lebanon and Syria . In November 1949 , he was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff to Yigael Yadin and senior operations officer of the IDF. Following Yadin's resignation, Maklef, then just 32 years old, was appointed to replace him as Chief of Staff. He agreed to accept the position for a period of one year only. During that time, Israel was faced with increasing attacks from fedayeen , Palestinian raiders from the West Bank and Gaza Strip , who attacked Israeli border settlements. In response to this, Maklef appointed Major Ariel Sharon to form a commando unit to attack the fedayeen bases across the border and put an end to the attacks on Israeli civilians. Sharon, in turn, created Unit 101 , which conducted a lengthy series of retaliatory raids throughout 1953 , when it was merged with the Paratrooper Corps. On 7 December 1953, exactly one year after he assumed the position, Maklef resigned as Chief of Staff. He went on to serve in a number of key positions in the Israeli public sector. From 1955 to 1968 , he was director general of the Dead Sea Works , developing the local phosphate industry in that region. He also served as Director General of the Citrus Marketing Board and Israel Chemicals. Maklef died in 1978.²