Nishapur

First half of 11th century. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art . Nishapur , or Neyshābūr ( ), is a city in the Razavi Khorasan province in northeastern Iran , situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains , near the regional capital of Mashhad . The region's economy is largely agricultural, based on grain and cotton,and also it is the second industrial city in Khorasan , and it is one of the most prosperous localities in Iran, although somewhat blighted by drug smuggling from nearby Afghanistan . In 2005 it had an estimated population of 270,940 people. [1] The main east-west railway line through Iran passes through the town. The region is very prone to earthquakes , with the most recent significant ones occurring in 1986 and 1997.

Place in Razavi Khorasan, Iran Nishapur or Nishabur ( pronunciation ; , also Romanized as Nīshāpūr , Nīshābūr , and Neyshābūr from Middle Persian : New-Shabuhr , meaning "New City of Shapur ", "Fair Shapur", or "Perfect built of Shapur") is a city in the Razavi Khorasan Province , capital of the Nishapur County and former capital of Khorasan , in northeastern Iran , situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Mount Binalud . It had an estimated population of 239,185 as of 2011 and its county 433,105. Nearby are the turquoise mines that have supplied the world with turquoise for at least two millennia. The city was founded in the 3rd century by Shapur I as a Sasanian satrapy capital. Nishapur later became the capital of Tahirid dynasty and was reformed by Abdullah Tahir in 830, and was later selected as the capital of Seljuq dynasty by Tughril in 1037. From the Abbasid era to the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia and Eastern Iran , the city evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center within the Islamic world . Nishapur, along with Merv , Herat and Balkh were one of the four great cities of Greater Khorasan and one of the greatest cities in the middle ages , a seat of governmental power in eastern of caliphate , a dwelling place for diverse ethnic and religious groups, a trading stop on commercial routes from Transoxiana and China , Iraq and Egypt . Nishapur reached the height of its prosperity under the Samanids in the 10th century, but was destroyed by Mongols in 1221, and further ruined by other invasions and earthquakes in the 13th century. After that time, a much smaller settlement was established just north of the ancient town, and the once bustling metropolis lay underground—until a team of excavators from the Metropolitan Museum of Art arrived in the mid-20th century. They worked at Nishapur between 1935 and 1940, returning for a final season in the winter of 1947–48. What remains of old Nishapur region is a 3500-hectare "Kohandejh" area, south of the current city of Nishapur.

City in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran Nishapur or Nishabur ( ; also romanized as Nīshāpūr , Nišâpur , Nişapur , Nīshābūr , Neyshābūr , and Neeshapoor ; from Middle Persian New-Shabuhr , meaning "New City of Shapur ", "Fair Shapur", or "Perfect built of Shapur") is a city in Khorasan Razavi Province , capital of the Nishapur County and former capital of Khorasan Province, in northeastern Iran , situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains . It had an estimated population of 239,185 as of 2011 and its county 433,105. Nearby are the turquoise mines that have supplied the world with turquoise for at least two millennia. The city was founded in the 3rd century by Shapur I as a Sasanian satrapy capital. Nishapur later became the capital of Tahirid dynasty and was reformed by Abdullah Tahir in 830, and was later selected as the capital of Seljuk dynasty by Tughril in 1037. From the Abbasid era to the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia and Eastern Iran , the city evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center within the Islamic world. Nishapur, along with Merv , Herat and Balkh were one of the four great cities of Greater Khorasan and one of the greatest cities in the middle ages , a seat of governmental power in eastern of caliphate , a dwelling place for diverse ethnic and religious groups, a trading stop on commercial routes from Transoxiana and China , Iraq and Egypt . Nishapur reached the height of its prosperity under the Samanids in the 10th century, but was destroyed and the entire population slaughtered by Mongols in 1221. This massacre, combined with subsequent earthquakes and other invasions are believed to have destroyed the pottery industry the city was known for. " Nīs̲h̲āpūr ." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.

City in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran For the administrative division of Razavi Khorasan province, see Nishapur County . City in Razavi Khorasan, Iran Nishapur , officially romanized as Neyshabur , ( ; from Middle Persian "New-Shapuhr" , meaning: "The New City of Shapur ", "The Fair Shapur ", or "The Perfect built of Shapur ") is the second-largest city of Razavi Khorasan Province in the Northeast of Iran . Nishapur is situated in a fertile plain at the foot of Binalud Mountain Range and has been the historic capital of the Western Quarter of Greater Khorasan , the historic capital of the 9th-century Tahirid dynasty , the initial capital of the 11th-century Seljuk Empire , and is currently the capital city of Nishapur County and a historic Silk Road city of cultural and economic importance in Iran and the region of Greater Khorasan . At the 2006 census, Nishapur's population was 205,972 in 56,652 households. The following census in 2011 counted 239,185 people in 71,263 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 264,375 people in 83,143 households. It is the third most-populous city in the eastern provinces of Iran after Mashhad and Zahedan . Nearby are turquoise mines that have supplied the world with turquoise of the finest and the highest quality for at least two millennia . The city was founded in the 3rd century by Shapur I as a capital city of Sasanian satrapy known as Abarshahr or Nishapur. Nishapur later became the capital of Tahirid dynasty and was reformed by Abdullah Tahir in 830, and was later selected as the capital of Seljuk dynasty by Tughril in 1037. From the Abbasid era to the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia and Eastern Iran , the city evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center within the Islamic world . Nishapur, along with Merv , Herat and Balkh , was one of the four great cities of Greater Khorasan and one of the greatest cities of the Old World in the Islamic Golden Age with strategic importance, a seat of governmental power in the eastern section of caliphates , a dwelling place for diverse ethnic and religious groups and a trading stop on commercial routes from Transoxiana , China, Iraq and Egypt. Nishapur reached the height of its prosperity under the Samanids in the 10th century but was destroyed and most of its population was slaughtered by the Mongols in 1221 . This massacre, combined with subsequent earthquakes and other invasions, is believed to have destroyed the city several times. Unlike its near neighbor Merv , Nishapur managed to recover from these cataclysmic events, and survive until the present day as an active modern city and county in tourism , agriculture , health care , industrial production and commerce in Razavi Khorasan Province of Iran ; however, many of its older and historical archeological remains are left to be uncovered. The modern city of Nishapur is composed of three main administrative areas/districts ( Persian : منطقه های شهر نیشابور) and is surrounded by many villages which are joining in to the urban area and structure of the city. The Area/district 1 of the city comprises the newer urban developments (initiated mostly in the 1980s and the 1990s) made to the north of the Road 44 and is home to the most of the main higher educational institutions of Nishapur such as the University of Neyshabur and the IAUN . The Area/district 2 of the city comprises the downtown of the city and the older and more historic urban structures situated on the south of the Road 44. It is home to some of the main tourists attractions of the city such as the National Garden of Nishapur and the Khanate Mansion of Amin Islami . The Area/district 3 of the city is home to the ruins and the remains of the ancient city of Nishapur destroyed by Mongols in the Middle Ages and is located on the south and the southeast of the city. The third district of the city is a national and registered protected archeological area by law and any unauthorized archeological excavation is considered illegal. This district is also home to the burial and historical monuments (some are shown on the city infobox) of most of the renowned persons of the city throughout history such as the Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám and the Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur . The third district is also used as one of the main touristic hotspots of the city. Many of this city's archeological discoveries are held and shown to the public in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City , the British Museum in London , the National Museum of Iran in Tehran , other international museums and the museums of the city of Nishapur. The city of Nishapur is also a member of international organizations such as the LHC and the ICCN UNESCO . Originally in Avesta , though some regions near the West of the city are now called Reyvand (Persian: ریوند) which is directly derived from "Raēvant". Source: رنبغ دادگی (۱۳۹۰)، بندهش ترجمهٔ گزارنده مهرداد بهار، تهران: انتشارات توس، ص. ص۱۷۲ "شادیاخ" . " Nīs̲h̲āpūr ." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. The Metropolitan Museum (July 2011 ed.). "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)" (Excel) . Gemological Institute of America . Razavi Khorasan Bureau of Ministry of Roads & Urban Development of Iran . « The Comprehensive Scheme/Plan of Neyshabur in 1394 Solar Hijri » (in Persian). shahrsazionline . Encyclopaedia of Iranian Architectural History . There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).

City in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran For the administrative division of Razavi Khorasan province, see Nishapur County . City in Razavi Khorasan, Iran Nishapur or Neyshabur ( Persian : نیشاپور , also نیشابور ) is a city in the Central District of Nishapur County , Razavi Khorasan province, Iran , serving as capital of both the county and the district. Nishapur is the second most populous city of the province in the northeast of Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of Binalud Mountain Range . It has been the historic capital of the Western Quarter of Greater Khorasan , the historic capital of the 9th-century Tahirid dynasty , the initial capital of the 11th-century Seljuk Empire , and is currently the capital city of Nishapur County and a historic Silk Road city of cultural and economic importance in Iran and the Greater Khorasan region. Nearby are turquoise mines that have supplied the world with turquoise of the finest and the highest quality for at least two millennia . The city was founded in the 3rd century by Shapur I as a capital city of Sasanian satrapy known as Abarshahr or Nishapur. The city later became the capital of Tahirid dynasty and was reformed by Abdullah Tahir in 830, and later selected as the capital of Seljuk dynasty by Tughril in 1037. Nishapur had a territory of 17.6 hectares and 25,000 people in the 6th century, while by the year 1000, the population of the city was about 336,000 people with the territory of 1,680 hectares. From the Abbasid era to the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia and Eastern Iran , the city evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center within the Islamic world . Nishapur, along with Merv , Herat and Balkh , was one of the four great cities of Greater Khorasan and one of the greatest cities of the Old World in the Islamic Golden Age with strategic importance, a seat of governmental power in the eastern section of caliphates , a dwelling place for diverse ethnic and religious groups and a trading stop on commercial routes from Transoxiana , China, Iraq and Egypt. Nishapur reached the height of its prosperity under the Samanids in the 10th century but was destroyed and most of its population was slaughtered by the Mongols in 1221 . This massacre, combined with subsequent earthquakes and other invasions, is believed to have destroyed the city several times. Unlike its near neighbor Merv , Nishapur managed to recover from these cataclysmic events, and survive until the present day as an active modern city and county in tourism , agriculture , healthcare , industrial production and commerce in Razavi Khorasan Province of Iran ; however, many of its older and historical archeological remains are left to be uncovered. The modern city of Nishapur is composed of three main administrative areas/districts ( Persian : منطقه های شهر نیشابور) and is surrounded by many villages which are joining in to the urban area and structure of the city. The Area/district 1 of the city comprises the newer urban developments (initiated mostly in the 1980s and the 1990s) made to the north of the Road 44 and is home to most of the main higher educational institutions of Nishapur such as the University of Neyshabur and the IAUN . The Area/district 2 of the city comprises the downtown of the city and the older and more historic urban structures situated on the south of the Road 44. It is home to some of the main tourists attractions of the city such as the National Garden of Nishapur and the Khanate Mansion of Amin Islami . The Area/district 3 of the city is home to the ruins and the remains of the ancient city of Nishapur destroyed by Mongols in the Middle Ages and is located on the south and the southeast of the city. The third district of the city is a national and registered protected archeological area by law and any unauthorized archeological excavation is considered illegal. This district is also home to the burial and historical monuments (some are shown on the city infobox) of most of the renowned persons of the city throughout history such as the Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám and the Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur . The third district is also used as one of the main touristic hotspots of the city. Many of this city's archeological discoveries are held and shown to the public in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City , the British Museum in London , the National Museum of Iran in Tehran , other international museums and the museums of the city of Nishapur. The city of Nishapur is also a member of international organizations such as the LHC and the ICCN UNESCO . Originally in Avesta , though some regions near the West of the city are now called Reyvand (ریوند) which is directly derived from "Raēvant". Source: رنبغ دادگی (۱۳۹۰)، بندهش ترجمهٔ گزارنده مهرداد بهار، تهران: انتشارات توس، ص. ص۱۷۲ "شادیاخ" . "فرماندار جدید نیشابور معرفی شد" . irna.ir (in Persian). 28 September 2023 . Nishapur at GEOnet Names Server "Municipality of Neyshabur" . " Nīs̲h̲āpūr ." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad . rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Metropolitan Museum (July 2011 ed.). Gemological Institute of America . Cities of Medieval Iran . Razavi Khorasan Bureau of Ministry of Roads & Urban Development of Iran . « The Comprehensive Scheme/Plan of Neyshabur in 1394 Solar Hijri » (in Persian). shahrsazionline . Encyclopaedia of Iranian Architectural History . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).