Perea

Perea and its surroundings in the 1st century Perea ("the country beyond"), a portion of the kingdom of Herod the Great occupying the eastern side of the Jordan River valley, from about one third the way down from the Sea of Galilee to about one third the way down the eastern shore of the Dead Sea ; it did not extend too far inland. Traditionally its limits have been considered to be the eastern bank of the Jordan River between the rivers Arnon ( Wadi Mujib ) and Hieromax ( Yarmouk River ). [1] Herod the Great's kingdom was divided by the Romans into a tetrarchy , of which Herod Antipas received both Perea and Galilee .It is a very green area. Perea is the area inhabited by the Israelite Tribes Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Menasseh. New Testamen commentators speak of Christ's Perean ministry. It began with His departure from Galilee (Matt 19:1, Mark 10:1) and ended with the anointing by Mary in Bethany (Matt 26).

Perea and its surroundings in the 1st century CE Incorporation into Ptolemaic Kingdom & Nabataean Kingdom 200 BCE Incorporation into Arabia Petraea 106–630 CE Perea or Peraea ( Greek : Περαία, " the country beyond "), was the portion of the kingdom of Herod the Great occupying the eastern side of the Jordan River valley , from about one third the way down the Jordan River segment connecting the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea to about one third the way down the north-eastern shore of the Dead Sea; it did not extend very far to the east. Herod the Great's kingdom was bequeathed to four heirs, of which Herod Antipas received both Perea and Galilee . He dedicated the city Livias in the north of the Dead Sea. In 39 CE, Perea and Galilee were transferred from disfavoured Antipas to Agrippa I by Caligula . With his death in 44 CE, Agrippa's merged territory was made a province again, including Judaea and for the first time, Perea. From that time Perea was part of the shifting Roman provinces to its west: Judaea, and later Syria Palaestina , Palaestina and Palaestina Prima . Attested mostly in Josephus ' books, the term was in rarer use in the late Roman period. It appears in Eusebius ' Greek language geographical work, Onomasticon , but in the Latin translation by Jerome , Transjordan is used. Gadara or Gadora of Perea (identified as Tell Jadur near Al-Salt ) was the chief city or metropolis of Perea (not to be confused with Gadara of the Decapolis −a Hellenistic city). Following the Roman conquest of Judea led by Pompey in 63 BCE, Aulus Gabinius , proconsul of Syria , split the former Hasmonean Kingdom into five districts of legal and religious councils known as synedrion (in Jewish context better known as Sanhedrin ) and based at Jerusalem , Jericho , Sepphoris ( Galilee ), Amathus (Perea) and Gadara (either Perea— Al-Salt , Decapolis— Umm Qais , or biblical Gezer , mentioned by Josephus under a Hellenised form of its Semitic name, Gadara, edited to "Gazara" in the Loeb edition ). BJ . 2.9.6. . and note 1164 Josephus . BJ . 2.11.6. . and notes 1370, 1376 Two cities of Perea, Abela and Iulias (Livias), make an exception, having been kept by Agrippa II (Mason, S. BJ . 2.13.2. .) to his death c. 100 CE. The Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature . GADARA was the chief city or metropolis of Peraea, lying in the district termed Gadaritis, some small distance from the southern extremity of the sea of Galilee, sixty stadia from Tiberias, to the south of the river Hieromax, and also of the Scheriat-al-Mandhur (Joseph. Antiq. xiii. 13. 3; Polyb. v. 71. 3; Joseph. It was fortified, and stood on a hill of limestone. Its inhabitants were mostly heathens Josephus says of it in conjunction with Gaza and Hippos 'they were Grecian cities' (Antiq. xvii. 11. 4). What may be concluded from these observations is that it was probably Gadara of the Peraea, not the more famous city [Gadara] of the Decapolis, that Yannai conquered early in his reign, as indicated in War 1.86 // Ant 13.356. This allows us to maintain an early dating of 102/101 BCE for the conquest of Gadara of the Peraea, alongside Amathus, while it also allows us to accept the inscription of 84 BCE as providing a terminus post quem for the conquest of the Gadara of the Decapolis. AJ . 14.5.4. , Perseus Project AJ14.5.4 , .: "And when he had ordained five councils (συνέδρια), he distributed the nation into the same number of parts. So these councils governed the people; the first was at Jerusalem, the second at Gadara , the third at Amathus, the fourth at Jericho , and the fifth at Sepphoris in Galilee." "Josephus uses συνέδριον for the first time in connection with the decree of the Roman governor of Syria, Gabinius (57 BCE), who abolished the constitution and the then existing form of government of Palestine and divided the country into five provinces, at the head of each of which a sanhedrin was placed ("Ant." xiv 5, § 4)." via Jewish Encyclopedia: Sanhedrin : Malamat, Abraham; Ben-Sasson, Haim Hillel (1976). A History of the Jewish People . Jewish Trans-Jordan reached from the hellenized city Pella (Fahal) in the north to Machaerus. east of the Dead Sea. in the south. Its western border was the Jordan River, and in the east it extended until the territory of the Greek cities Gerasa and Philadelphia. The settled area of the Peraea was divided into two parts. The smaller and doubtlessly less populated area lay north of the Jabbok. Its most important settlement was Amathus, a strong fortress from the hellenistic period that had been conquered by Alexander Jannai and had become a Jewish town of some importance, the seat of a local Sanhedrin in the days of Gabinius and the capital of a toparchy. However. the majority of the Jews in Trans-Jordan lived south of the Jabbok, across the river from north-eastem Judea. The capital of this region was Gador (Es-Salt). which was considered the capital of the entire Peraea. South of Gador lay Abila (Abel-shittim) and Beth-haramata, and still farther to the south was the fortress Machaerus. Thus, geographically, the situation of Jewish Trans-Jordan was marked by two characteristics: its nearness to and common border with Judea and its location within the generally hostile neighborhood of the Greek cities to the east and north. Ḳornfeld, Geʾalyahu; Mazar, Benjamin; Maier, Paul L. The problem of indicating precise ancient boundaries in Transjordan is difficult and complex and varies according to the time period under discussion. After the creation of the Roman province of Arabia in 106 A.D. Gerasa and Philadelphia were included in it. Nonetheless, Ptolemy—who was writing in the second century A.D. but did not record places by Roman provinces—described them as being in (the local geographical unit of) Coele Syria (5.14.18). Furthermore, Philadelphia continued to describe itself on its coins and in inscriptions of the second and third centuries A.D. as being a city of Coele Syria; see above, Philadelphia, n. 9. As for the boundaries of the new province, the northern frontier extended to a little beyond the north of Bostra and east; the western border ran somewhat east of the Jordan River valley and the Dead Sea but west of the city of Madaba (see M. Sartre, Trois ét. , 17-75; Bowersock, ZPE 5 , [1970] 37-39; id., JRS 61 [1971] 236-42; and especially id.. Gadara in Peraea is identified today with es-Salt near Tell Jadur, a place that is near the western boundary of the province of Arabia. And this region could have been described by Stephanos as being located "between Coele Syria and Arabia." Meyers, Eric M.

Portion of the Herodian kingdom For the surname, see Perea (surname) . Perea and its surroundings in the 1st century CE Incorporation into Ptolemaic Kingdom & Nabataean Kingdom 200 BCE Incorporation into Arabia Petraea 106–630 CE Perea or Peraea ( Greek : Περαία, " the country beyond ") was the portion of the kingdom of Herod the Great occupying the eastern side of the Jordan River valley , from about one third the way down the Jordan River segment connecting the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea to about one third the way down the north-eastern shore of the Dead Sea; it did not extend very far to the east. Herod the Great's kingdom was bequeathed to four heirs, of which Herod Antipas received both Perea and Galilee . He dedicated the city Livias in the north of the Dead Sea. In 39 CE, Perea and Galilee were transferred from disfavoured Antipas to Agrippa I by Caligula . With his death in 44 CE, Agrippa's merged territory was made a province again, including Judaea and for the first time, Perea. From that time Perea was part of the shifting Roman provinces to its west: Judaea, and later Syria Palaestina , Palaestina and Palaestina Prima . Attested mostly in Josephus ' books, the term was in rarer use in the late Roman period. It appears in Eusebius ' Greek language geographical work, Onomasticon , but in the Latin translation by Jerome , Transjordan is used. Gadara or Gadora of Perea (identified as Tell Jadur near Al-Salt ) was the chief city or metropolis of Perea (not to be confused with Gadara of the Decapolis −a Hellenistic city). Following the Roman conquest of Judea led by Pompey in 63 BCE, Aulus Gabinius , proconsul of Syria , split the former Hasmonean Kingdom into five districts of legal and religious councils known as synedrion (in Jewish context better known as Sanhedrin ) and based at Jerusalem , Jericho , Sepphoris ( Galilee ), Amathus (Perea) and Gadara (either Perea— Al-Salt , Decapolis— Umm Qais , or biblical Gezer , mentioned by Josephus under a Hellenised form of its Semitic name, Gadara, edited to "Gazara" in the Loeb edition ). BJ . 2.9.6. . and note 1164 Josephus . BJ . 2.11.6. . and notes 1370, 1376 Two cities of Perea, Abela and Iulias (Livias), make an exception, having been kept by Agrippa II (Mason, S. BJ . 2.13.2. .) to his death c. 100 CE. The Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature . GADARA was the chief city or metropolis of Peraea, lying in the district termed Gadaritis, some small distance from the southern extremity of the sea of Galilee, sixty stadia from Tiberias, to the south of the river Hieromax, and also of the Scheriat-al-Mandhur (Joseph. Antiq. xiii. 13. 3; Polyb. v. 71. 3; Joseph. It was fortified, and stood on a hill of limestone. Its inhabitants were mostly heathens Josephus says of it in conjunction with Gaza and Hippos 'they were Grecian cities' (Antiq. xvii. 11. 4). What may be concluded from these observations is that it was probably Gadara of the Peraea, not the more famous city [Gadara] of the Decapolis, that Yannai conquered early in his reign, as indicated in War 1.86 // Ant 13.356. This allows us to maintain an early dating of 102/101 BCE for the conquest of Gadara of the Peraea, alongside Amathus, while it also allows us to accept the inscription of 84 BCE as providing a terminus post quem for the conquest of the Gadara of the Decapolis. AJ . 14.5.4. , Perseus Project AJ14.5.4 , .: "And when he had ordained five councils (συνέδρια), he distributed the nation into the same number of parts. So these councils governed the people; the first was at Jerusalem, the second at Gadara , the third at Amathus, the fourth at Jericho , and the fifth at Sepphoris in Galilee." "Josephus uses συνέδριον for the first time in connection with the decree of the Roman governor of Syria, Gabinius (57 BCE), who abolished the constitution and the then existing form of government of Palestine and divided the country into five provinces, at the head of each of which a sanhedrin was placed ("Ant." xiv 5, § 4)." via Jewish Encyclopedia: Sanhedrin : Malamat, Abraham; Ben-Sasson, Haim Hillel (1976). A History of the Jewish People . Jewish Trans-Jordan reached from the hellenized city Pella (Fahal) in the north to Machaerus. east of the Dead Sea. in the south. Its western border was the Jordan River, and in the east it extended until the territory of the Greek cities Gerasa and Philadelphia. The settled area of the Peraea was divided into two parts. The smaller and doubtlessly less populated area lay north of the Jabbok. Its most important settlement was Amathus, a strong fortress from the hellenistic period that had been conquered by Alexander Jannai and had become a Jewish town of some importance, the seat of a local Sanhedrin in the days of Gabinius and the capital of a toparchy. However. the majority of the Jews in Trans-Jordan lived south of the Jabbok, across the river from north-eastern Judea. The capital of this region was Gador (Es-Salt). which was considered the capital of the entire Peraea. South of Gador lay Abila (Abel-shittim) and Beth-haramata, and still farther to the south was the fortress Machaerus. Thus, geographically, the situation of Jewish Trans-Jordan was marked by two characteristics: its nearness to and common border with Judea and its location within the generally hostile neighborhood of the Greek cities to the east and north. Ḳornfeld, Geʾalyahu; Mazar, Benjamin; Maier, Paul L. The problem of indicating precise ancient boundaries in Transjordan is difficult and complex and varies according to the time period under discussion. After the creation of the Roman province of Arabia in 106 A.D. Gerasa and Philadelphia were included in it. Nonetheless, Ptolemy—who was writing in the second century A.D. but did not record places by Roman provinces—described them as being in (the local geographical unit of) Coele Syria (5.14.18). Furthermore, Philadelphia continued to describe itself on its coins and in inscriptions of the second and third centuries A.D. as being a city of Coele Syria; see above, Philadelphia, n. 9. As for the boundaries of the new province, the northern frontier extended to a little beyond the north of Bostra and east; the western border ran somewhat east of the Jordan River valley and the Dead Sea but west of the city of Madaba (see M. Sartre, Trois ét. , 17-75; Bowersock, ZPE 5 , [1970] 37-39; id., JRS 61 [1971] 236-42; and especially id.. Gadara in Peraea is identified today with es-Salt near Tell Jadur, a place that is near the western boundary of the province of Arabia. And this region could have been described by Stephanos as being located "between Coele Syria and Arabia." Meyers, Eric M.

Portion of the Herodian kingdom For the surname, see Perea (surname) . Perea and its surroundings in the 1st century CE Incorporation into Arabia Petraea 106–630 CE Perea or Peraea ( Greek : Περαία, " the country beyond ") was the term used mainly during the early Roman period for part of ancient Transjordan . It lay broadly east of Judea and Samaria , which were situated on the western side of the Jordan River , and southwest of the Decapolis . Perea was part of the kingdom of Herod the Great and his descendants, and later of subsequent Roman provinces that included Iudaea .