Rafe

Text from the Aleppo Codex manuscript (c. 920 ), with several rafes. ( Joshua 1:1 ) In Hebrew orthography the rafe , also raphe (Hebrew: רפה, , meaning "weak, limp"), is a diacritic ֿ a short horizontal overbar placed above certain letters to indicate that they are to be pronounced as fricatives . It originated with the Tiberian Masoretes as part of the extended system of niqqud (vowel points), and has the opposite meaning to dagesh qal , showing that one of the letters ב ג ד כ פ ת is to be pronounced as a fricative and not as a plosive , or (sometimes) that a consonant is single and not double; or, as the opposite to a mappiq , to show that the letters ה or א are silent ( mater lectionis ). The rafe generally fell out of use for Hebrew with the coming of printing, although according to Gesenius (1813) at that time it could still be found in a few places in printed Hebrew Bibles , where the absence of a dagesh or a mappiq was particularly to be noted.

Text from the Aleppo Codex manuscript (c. 920), with several rafes. ( Joshua 1:1 ) In Hebrew orthography the rafe , or more commonly spelt raphe ( ), is a diacritic ( ⟨ ⟩ ), a subtle horizontal overbar placed above certain letters to indicate that they are to be pronounced as fricatives . It originated with the Tiberian Masoretes as part of the extended system of niqqud (vowel points), and has the opposite meaning to dagesh qal , showing that one of the letters בגדכפת is to be pronounced as a fricative and not as a plosive , or (sometimes) that a consonant is single and not double; or, as the opposite to a mappiq , to show that the letters ה or א are silent ( mater lectionis ). The rafe generally fell out of use for Hebrew with the coming of printing, although according to Gesenius (1813) at that time it could still be found in a few places in printed Hebrew Bibles , where the absence of a dagesh or a mappiq was particularly to be noted. Exodus 20:13,14,15; Deuteronomy 5:13,17,18,19; 2 Samuel 11:1; Isaiah 22:10; Jeremiah 20:17; Psalm 119:99; Zechariah 5:11) In some siddurs (e.g. those printed by ArtScroll ) a diacritical symbol, in fact identical to the rafe, is used to mark instances of "moving sheva " ( Shva Na ).

Typefaces of the word אחריך (Songs 1:4a ) in the two Masoretic Codices and four Hebrew Bible print editions. The rafe diacritic is mostly omitted in print editions. In Hebrew orthography the rafe , or more commonly spelt raphe ( ), is a diacritic ( ⟨ ⟩ ), a subtle horizontal overbar placed above certain letters to indicate that they are to be pronounced as fricatives . It originated with the Tiberian Masoretes as part of the extended system of niqqud (vowel points), and has the opposite meaning of dagesh qal , showing that one of the letters בגדכפת is to be pronounced as a fricative and not as a plosive , or (sometimes) that a consonant is single and not double; or, as the opposite to a mappiq , to show that the letters ה or א are silent ( mater lectionis ). The rafe generally fell out of use for Hebrew with the coming of printing, although according to Gesenius (1813) at that time it could still be found in a few places in printed Hebrew Bibles , where the absence of a dagesh or a mappiq was particularly to be noted. Exodus 20:13,14,15; Deuteronomy 5:13,17,18,19; 2 Samuel 11:1; Isaiah 22:10; Jeremiah 20:17; Psalm 119:99; Zechariah 5:11) In some siddurs (e.g. those printed by ArtScroll ) a diacritical symbol, typographically the same as the rafe, but utterly unrelated, is used to mark instances of "moving sheva " ( Shva Na ). The rafe is similar in function to the buailte (dot above, denoting lenition ) in the old-style Irish alphabet .

Diacritical mark used in Hebrew This article is about the Hebrew diacritic. Typefaces of the word אחריך ( ’aḥăreḵā, , Songs 1:4a ) in the two Masoretic Codices and four Hebrew Bible print editions. The rafe diacritic is mostly omitted in print editions. In Hebrew orthography the rafe or raphe ( , , meaning "weak, limp") is a diacritic ( ⟨ ◌ֿ ⟩ ), a subtle horizontal overbar placed above certain letters to indicate that they are to be pronounced as fricatives . It originated with the Tiberian Masoretes as part of the extended system of niqqud (vowel points), and has the opposite meaning of dagesh qal , showing that one of the letters בגדכפת is to be pronounced as a fricative and not as a plosive , or (sometimes) that a consonant is single and not double; or, as the opposite to a mappiq , to show that the letters ה or א are silent ( mater lectionis ). The rafe generally fell out of use for Hebrew with the coming of printing, although according to Gesenius (1813) at that time it could still be found in a few places in printed Hebrew Bibles , where the absence of a dagesh or a mappiq was noticeable. Exodus 20:13,14,15; Deuteronomy 5:13,17,18,19; 2 Samuel 11:1; Isaiah 22:10; Jeremiah 20:17; Psalm 119:99; Zechariah 5:11) In some siddurs (e.g. those printed by ArtScroll ) a diacritical symbol, typographically the same as the rafe, but utterly unrelated, is used to mark instances of "moving sheva " ( Shva Na ). The rafe is similar in function to the buailte (dot above, denoting lenition ) in the old-style Irish alphabet .