Saint Peter

Simon Peter ( , Pétros , "stone, rock"; c. 1 BC – AD 67), sometimes called Simon Cephas ( , Symōn Kēphas ; ; , Sëmʕān Kêfâ ) after his name in Hellenized Aramaic , was a leader of the early Christian Church, who is featured prominently in the New Testament Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles . Peter was the son of John or of Jonah, and was from the village of Bethsaida in the province of Galilee . His brother Andrew was also an apostle . Simon Peter is venerated in multiple churches and regarded as the first Pope by the Roman Catholic Church . After working to establish the church of Antioch for seven years presiding as the city's bishop and preaching to scattered communities of believers (Jews and Hebrew Christians), in Pontus , Galatia , Cappadocia , Asia Minor and Bithynia , Peter went to Rome. In the second year of Claudius, it is claimed, he overthrew Simon Magus , and held the Sacerdotal Chair for 25 years. At the hand of Nero , he is said to have been put to death. He wrote two epistles which are termed Catholic , the second of which (in light of differences in style with of the first letter), is considered by many not to be his work. The Gospel of Mark is also ascribed to him (as Mark was his disciple and interpreter). On the other hand, several books – the Acts, Gospel, Preaching, Revelation, and Judgement of Peter – are rejected by Christians as Apocryphal . According New Testament accounts, he was one of Twelve Apostles , chosen by Jesus from his first disciples . He was a fisherman assigned a leadership role by Jesus and was with Jesus during events witnessed by only a few apostles, such as the Transfiguration .

Saint Peter ( , , Syriac/Aramaic : ܫܸܡܥܘܿܢ ܟܹ݁ܐܦ݂ܵܐ , Shemayon Keppa , Shim'on Bar Yona ; died c. 64 AD ), also known as Simon Peter , Simeon , or Simōn , according to the New Testament , was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ , leaders of the early Christian Church. The Roman Catholic Church considers him to be the first Pope , ordained by Jesus in the " Rock of My Church " dialogue in Matthew 16:18 . The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and associate him with founding the Church of Antioch and later the Church in Rome , but differ about the authority of his various successors in present-day Christianity. The New Testament indicates that Peter was the son of John (or Jonah or Jona ) and was from the village of Bethsaida in the province of Galilee or Gaulanitis . His brother Andrew was also an apostle . According to New Testament accounts, Peter was one of twelve apostles chosen by Jesus from his first disciples . Originally a fisherman, he played a leadership role and was with Jesus during events witnessed by only a few apostles, such as the Transfiguration . According to the gospels , Peter confessed Jesus as the Messiah , was part of Jesus's inner circle, thrice denied Jesus , and preached on the day of Pentecost . According to Christian tradition , Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero Augustus Caesar . It is traditionally held that he was crucified upside down at his own request, since he saw himself unworthy to be crucified in the same way as Jesus. Tradition holds that he was crucified at the site of the Clementine Chapel . His mortal remains are said to be those contained in the underground Confessio of St. Peter's Basilica , where Pope Paul VI announced in 1968 the excavated discovery of a first-century Roman cemetery . Every June 29 since 1736, a statue of Saint Peter in St. Peter's Basilica is adorned with papal tiara , ring of the fisherman , and papal vestments , as part of the celebration of the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul . According to Catholic doctrine , the direct papal successor to Saint Peter is Pope Leo XIV . Two general epistles in the New Testament are ascribed to Peter; however, some biblical scholars reject the Petrine authorship of both. The Gospel of Mark was traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter's preaching and eyewitness memories. Several other books bearing his name – the Acts of Peter , Gospel of Peter , Preaching of Peter , Apocalypse of Peter , and Judgment of Peter – are considered by Christian churches as apocryphal . Apocalyptic and Accommodation" on YouTube .

AD 30; died between AD 64 and 68 ) also known as Simon Peter , Simeon , Simon ( / ˈ s aɪ m ə n / ), Cephas , or Peter the Apostle , was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ , and the first leader of the early Church . According to Christian tradition , Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero . He is traditionally counted as the first bishop of Rome ‍—‌or pope ‍—‌and also by Eastern Christian tradition as the first patriarch of Antioch . The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and as the founder of the Church of Antioch and the Diocese of Rome , but differ in their attitudes regarding the authority of his successors . According to Catholic teaching , in Matthew 16:18 Jesus promised Peter a special position in the Church. Two general epistles in the New Testament are ascribed to Peter, but modern scholars generally reject the Petrine authorship of both. The Gospel of Mark was traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter's preaching and eyewitness memories. Several other books bearing his name‍—‌the Acts of Peter , Gospel of Peter , Preaching of Peter , Apocalypse of Peter , and Judgment of Peter ‍—‌are considered by Christian denominations as apocryphal , and are thus not included in their Bible canons. The Papacy and the Orthodox: Sources and History of a Debate . Syria: Society, Culture, and Polity . Apocalyptic and Accommodation" on YouTube . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). "The Early Church Fathers" , Chapter 1, New Advent There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Saint and Apostle of Jesus Christ For other uses, see Saint Peter (disambiguation) . Saint Peter ( ; died AD 64–68), also known as Peter the Apostle , Simon Peter , Simeon , Simon , or Cephas ( ), was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ and one of the first leaders of the early Christian Church . He appears repeatedly and prominently in all four New Testament gospels as well as the Acts of the Apostles . According to Christian tradition , Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero . The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and as the founder of the Church of Antioch and the Church of Rome , but they differ in their attitudes regarding the authority of his successors . According to Catholic teaching , Jesus promised Peter a special position in the Church. In the New Testament , the name "Simon Peter" is found 19 times. He is the brother of Saint Andrew , and both were fishermen . The Gospel of Mark in particular was traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter's preaching and eyewitness memories. He is also mentioned, under either the name Peter or Cephas, in Paul 's First Letter to the Corinthians and the Epistle to the Galatians . The New Testament also includes two general epistles , First Peter and Second Peter , that are traditionally attributed to him, but modern scholarship generally rejects the Petrine authorship of both . Nevertheless, Evangelicals and Catholics have always affirmed Peter's authorship, and recently, a growing number of scholars have revived the claim of Petrine authorship of these epistles. Catholic and Orthodox tradition accredits him as the first bishop of Rome ‍—‌or pope ‍—‌and also as the first bishop of Antioch . Based on contemporary historical data, his papacy is estimated to have spanned from AD 30 to his death, which would make him the longest-reigning pope , at anywhere from 34 to 38 years; however, this has never been verified. Saint Irenaeus ( c. 130 – c. 202 AD ) explains the Apostle Peter, his See , and his successors in book III of Adversus Haereses (Against Heresies). In the book, Irenaeus wrote that Peter and Paul founded and organized the Church in Rome. Sources suggest that at first, the terms episcopos and presbyteros were used interchangeably, with the consensus among scholars being that by the turn of the 1st and 2nd centuries, local congregations were led by bishops and presbyters, whose duties of office overlapped or were indistinguishable from one another. Protestant and secular historians generally agree that there was probably "no single 'monarchical' bishop in Rome before the middle of the 2nd century...and likely later." Outside of the New Testament, several apocryphal books were later attributed to him, in particular the Acts of Peter , Gospel of Peter , Preaching of Peter , Apocalypse of Peter , and Judgment of Peter , although scholars believe these works to be pseudepigrapha . The Papacy and the Orthodox: Sources and History of a Debate . Syria: Society, Culture, and Polity . Apocalyptic and Accommodation" on YouTube . Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons, Against Heresies . Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons, Against Heresies . Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church , 1997 edition revised 2005, page 211 Cambridge History of Christianity , volume 1, 2006 Cambridge History of Christianity , volume 1, 2006, page 418 Chapman, Henry Palmer (1913).

Christian apostle For other uses, see Saint Peter (disambiguation) . Saint Peter (born Shimon Bar Yonah ; 1 BC – AD 64/68), also known as Peter the Apostle , Simon Peter , Simeon , Simon , or Cephas , was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus and one of the first leaders of the early Christian Church . He appears repeatedly and prominently in all four New Testament gospels , as well as the Acts of the Apostles . Catholic and Orthodox tradition treats Peter as the first bishop of Rome – or pope – and also as the first bishop of Antioch . Peter's leadership of the early believers is estimated to have spanned from AD 30 or 33 to his death; these dates suggest that he could have been the longest-reigning pope , for anywhere from 31 to 38 years; however, this has never been verified. According to Christian tradition , Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero . The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and the founder of the Church of Antioch and the Church of Rome , but they differ in their attitudes regarding the authority of his successors . According to Catholic teaching , Jesus promised Peter a special position in the Church. In the New Testament , the name "Simon Peter" is found 19 times. He is the brother of Andrew , and they both were fishermen . The Gospel of Mark , in particular, is traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter's preaching and eyewitness memories. He is also mentioned, under either the name Peter or Cephas, in Paul 's First Letter to the Corinthians and the Epistle to the Galatians . The New Testament also includes two general epistles , First Peter and Second Peter , which are traditionally attributed to him, but modern scholarship generally rejects the Petrine authorship of both. Irenaeus ( c. 130 – c. 202 AD ) explains the Apostle Peter, his See , and his successors in book III of Adversus Haereses (Against Heresies ). In the book, Irenaeus wrote that Peter and Paul founded and organised the Church in Rome. Sources suggest that, at first, the terms episcopos and presbyteros were used interchangeably, with the consensus among scholars being that, by the turn of the 1st and 2nd centuries, local congregations were led by bishops and presbyters, whose duties of office overlapped or were indistinguishable from one another. Protestant and secular historians generally agree that there was probably "no single 'monarchical' bishop in Rome before the middle of the 2nd century ... and likely later". Outside of the New Testament, several apocryphal books were later attributed to him, in particular the Acts of Peter , Gospel of Peter , the Preaching of Peter , Apocalypse of Peter , and Judgment of Peter , although scholars believe these works to be pseudepigrapha . The Papacy - An Encyclopedia . The Papacy and the Orthodox - Sources and History of a Debate . While a select few were willing to make this judgment definitive Richard T. Syria - Society, Culture, and Polity . Apocalyptic and Accommodation" on YouTube . Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons, Against Heresies . Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons, Against Heresies . Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church , 1997 edition revised 2005, page 211 Cambridge History of Christianity , volume 1, 2006 Cambridge History of Christianity , volume 1, 2006, page 418. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).