Case file
Stephen Walt
In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “professor of international affairs at harvard university 's john f”. Today it says “american political scientist serving as the robert and renee belfer professor of international relations at the”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-02. In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “professor of international affairs at harvard university 's john f”. Today it says “american political scientist serving as the robert and renee belfer professor of international relations at the”.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2005 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.
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The opening as it read in 2005
Stephen Martin Walt (born July 2 , 1955 ) is a professor of international affairs at Harvard University 's John F.1 Kennedy School of Government .2 In 1983 , he received a Ph.D. , in political science , from the University of California, Berkeley . Developed Balance-of-Threat Theory, defining threat in terms of aggregate power, geographic proximity, offensive power, and aggressive intentions.3
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 16056964.
Today
In 2005 Wikipedia's first sentence called it “professor of international affairs at harvard university 's john f”. Today it says “american political scientist serving as the robert and renee belfer professor of international relations at the”. Read the current article and compare.
| 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | Oct '23 | 2025 |
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What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined between 2005 and 2025.
Then
professor of international affairs at harvard university 's john f
Now
american political scientist serving as the robert and renee belfer professor of international relations at the
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.