Taliban

The Taliban ( Pashtun and Persian : طالبان ; "students of Islam "), also transliterated as Taleban , is an Islamist movement which ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001 , despite having diplomatic recognition from only three countries: the United Arab Emirates , Pakistan , and Saudi Arabia . The most influential members, including Mullah Mohammed Omar , the leader of the movement, were simple village ulema (Islamic religious scholars). Taliban may also refer to the people who inhabit the south-eastern regions of Afghanistan .

The Taliban ( ṭālibān , meaning " students "), also Taleban , is a Sunni Islamist political movement that governed Afghanistan from 1996 until it was overthrown in late 2001. It has regrouped since 2004 and revived as a strong insurgency movement governing local Pashtun areas and fighting a guerrilla war against the governments of Afghanistan , Pakistan , and the NATO -led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). The movement is primarily made up of members belonging to ethnic Pashtun tribes , along with volunteers from nearby Islamic countries such as Uzbeks , Tajiks , Chechens , Arabs , Punjabis and others. It operates in Afghanistan and Pakistan, mostly around the Durand Line regions. U.S. officials say their headquarters is in or near Quetta , Pakistan, and that Pakistan and Iran provide support , although both nations deny this. Mullah Mohammed Omar , in hiding, leads the movement. Omar's original commanders were "a mixture of former small-unit military commanders and madrassa teachers," while its rank-and-file was made up mostly of Afghan refugees who had studied at Islamic religious schools in Pakistan . The Taliban received valuable training, supplies and arms from the Pakistani government, particularly the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), and many recruits from madrasas for Afghan refugees in Pakistan, primarily ones established by the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI). Although in control of Afghanistan's capital ( Kabul ) and most of the country for five years, the Taliban regime, which called itself the " Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan ", gained diplomatic recognition from only three states: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia , and the United Arab Emirates . It has regained some amount of political control and acceptance in Pakistan's border region, but recently lost one of its Pakistani leaders, Baitullah Mehsud , in a CIA missile strike . However Pakistan has launched an offensive to force the Taliban from its territory. The Taliban enforced one of the "strictest interpretation[s] of Sharia law ever seen in the Muslim world ", but occasionally modifies its code of conduct. In mid-2009, it established an ombudsman office in northern Kandahar , David Kilcullen describes as a "direct challenge" to the ISAF. Pajhwok Afghan News, Taliban have opened office in Waziristan (Pakistan) . They face an estimated 7,000 to 11,000 insurgents , according to U.S. commanders." http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/144382.stm ISAF has participating forces from 39 countries, including all 26 NATO members.

The Taliban ( ṭālibān "students"), alternately spelled Taleban , is an Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan . It spread throughout Afghanistan and formed a government, ruling as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan from September 1996 until December 2001, with Kandahar as the capital. However, it gained diplomatic recognition from only three states: Pakistan , Saudi Arabia , and the United Arab Emirates . Mohammed Omar is the founder and has been serving as the spiritual leader of the Taliban since its foundation in 1994. While in power, it enforced a strict interpretation of Sharia , or Islamic law, an interpretation of which leading Muslims have been highly critical. The Taliban were condemned internationally for their brutal treatment of women . The majority of the Taliban are made up of Afghan Pashtun tribesmen. The Taliban's leaders were influenced by Deobandi fundamentalism , and many also strictly follow the social and cultural norm called Pashtunwali . From 1995 to 2001, the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence and military are widely alleged by the international community to have provided support to the Taliban. Their connections are possibly through Harkat-ul-Mujahideen , a terrorist group founded by Sami ul Haq . Pakistan is accused by many international officials of continuing to support the Taliban; Pakistan states that it dropped all support for the group after 9/11. Al-Qaeda also supported the Taliban with regiments of imported fighters from Arab countries and Central Asia. The Taliban and their allies committed massacres against Afghan civilians, denied UN food supplies to 160,000 starving civilians and conducted a policy of scorched earth , burning vast areas of fertile land and destroying tens of thousands of homes during their rule from 1996 to 2001. Hundreds of thousands of people were forced to flee to United Front -controlled territory, Pakistan , and Iran . After the attacks of September 11, 2001 , the Taliban were overthrown by the American-led invasion of Afghanistan . Later it regrouped as an insurgency movement to fight the American-backed Karzai administration and the NATO -led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). The Taliban have been accused of using terrorism as a specific tactic to further their ideological and political goals. According to the United Nations , the Taliban and their allies were responsible for 75% of Afghan civilian casualties in 2010, 80% in 2011, and 80% in 2012. Decoding the new Taliban: insights from the Afghan field . Conflict in Afghanistan: An Encyclopedia (Roots of Modern Conflict) . Afghanistan and the Taliban . Decoding the new Taliban: insights from the Afghan field . "ISIS reportedly moves into Afghanistan, is even fighting Taliban" . 12 January 2015 . As soon as it took power though, the Taliban imposed its strict interpretation of Islamic law on the country Skain, Rosemarie (2002). The women of Afghanistan under the Taliban . A Woman Among Warlords . The limits of culture: Islam and foreign policy (illustrated ed.). The Taliban's mindset is, however, equally if not more deaned by Pashtunwali Giraldo, Jeanne K. Pakistan provided military support, including arms, ammunition, fuel, and military advisers, to the Taliban through its Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) Nojumi, Neamatollah (2002). The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Mass Mobilization, Civil War and the Future of the Regio . Of all the foreign powers involved in efforts to sustain and manipulate the ongoing fighting [in Afghanistan], Pakistan is distinguished both by the sweep of its objectives and the scale of its efforts, which include soliciting funding for the Taliban, bankrolling Taliban operations, providing diplomatic support as the Taliban's virtual emissaries abroad, arranging training for Taliban fighters, recruiting skilled and unskilled manpower to serve in Taliban armies, planning and directing offensives, providing and facilitating shipments of ammunition and fuel, and ... directly providing combat support. The Long War Journal . During a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing today, Admiral Michael Mullen, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, highlighted the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence Agency's role in sponsoring the Haqqani Network - including attacks on American forces in Afghanistan. "The fact remains that the Quetta Shura [Taliban] and the Haqqani Network operate from Pakistan with impunity," Mullen said in his written testimony. "Extremist organizations serving as proxies of the government of Pakistan are attacking Afghan troops and civilians as well as US soldiers." Mullen continued: "For example, we believe the Haqqani Network--which has long enjoyed the support and protection of the Pakistani government and is, in many ways, a strategic arm of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Agency--is responsible for the September 13th attacks against the U.S. The Wall Street Journal . the ISI wants us to kill everyone—policemen, soldiers, engineers, teachers, civilians—just to intimidate people, Researcher, CQ (2010). An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader (March 1, 2009 ed.). The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Mass Mobilization, Civil War and the Future of the Region . Gargan, Edward A (October 2001). U.N. says Taliban starving hungry people for military agenda , 7 January 1998 : Unknown parameter |agency= ignored ( help ) Goodson, Larry P. ISAF has participating forces from 39 countries, including all 26 NATO members.

Islamic political and armed movement founded in Afghanistan This article is about the Afghan group. The Taliban ( / ˈ t æ l ɪ b æ n , ˈ t ɑː l ɪ b ɑː n / ; ), which also refers to itself by its state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan , is a Deobandi Islamic fundamentalist and Pashtun nationalist militant political movement in Afghanistan . It ruled approximately three-quarters of the country from 1996 to 2001 , before being overthrown following the American invasion . It recaptured Kabul on 15 August 2021 following the departure of most coalition forces, after nearly 20 years of insurgency , and currently controls all of the country. However, its government is not recognized by any country . The Taliban government has been criticized for restricting human rights in Afghanistan , including the right of women and girls to work and to have an education . The Taliban emerged in September 1994 as one of the prominent factions in the Afghan Civil War and largely consisted of students ( ṭālib ) from the Pashtun areas of eastern and southern Afghanistan who had been educated in traditional Islamic schools ( madāris ). Under the leadership of Mullah Omar ( r. 1996–2001 ), the movement spread throughout most of Afghanistan, shifting power away from the Mujahideen warlords . In 1996, the group administered roughly three-quarters of the country, and established the First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan . The Taliban's government was opposed by the Northern Alliance militia, which seized parts of northeast Afghanistan and largely maintained international recognition as a continuation of the interim Islamic State of Afghanistan . The Taliban held control of most of the country until being overthrown after the United States invasion of Afghanistan in December 2001. Many members of the Taliban fled to neighboring Pakistan . After being overthrown, the Taliban launched an insurgency to fight the US-backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the NATO -led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in the War in Afghanistan . In May 2002, exiled members formed the Council of Leaders ( Rahbarī Shūrā ) based in the city of Quetta in Pakistan. Under Hibatullah Akhundzada 's leadership, in May 2021, the Taliban launched a military offensive , that culminated in the Fall of Kabul on 15 August 2021 and the Taliban regaining control of Afghanistan. The Islamic Republic was dissolved and the Islamic Emirate was reestablished. During their rule from 1996 to 2001, the Taliban enforced a strict interpretation of Sharia , or Islamic law, and were widely condemned for massacres against Afghan civilians, harsh discrimination against religious and ethnic minorities, denial of UN food supplies to starving civilians, destruction of cultural monuments, banning women from school and most employment, and prohibition of most music . Following their return to power in 2021, the Afghanistan government budget lost 80% of its funding and food insecurity became widespread. The Taliban returned Afghanistan to many policies implemented under its previous rule, including banning women from holding almost any jobs, requiring women to wear head-to-toe coverings such as the burqa , blocking women from travelling without male guardians, and banning all education for girls. Decoding the new Taliban: insights from the Afghan field . Conflict in Afghanistan: An Encyclopedia (Roots of Modern Conflict) . "The Non-Pashtun Taleban of the North: A case study from Badakhshan – Afghanistan Analysts Network" . Afghanistan and the Taliban . Fundamentalism Reborn?: Afghanistan and the Taliban . " "Traditionalist" Islamic Activism: Deoband, Tablighis, and Talibs" . Slovenská politologická revue . 3 : 154– 158. The Father of the Taliban: An Interview with Maulana Sami ul-Haq , Spotlight on Terror, The Jamestown Foundation , Volume 4, Issue 2, 23 May 2007. The 'university of holy war' , BBC Online . Pakistan religious schools get scrutiny , Los Angeles Times . Multiple Sources: "From Taliban to Hezbollah, China is empowering Islamists around the world" . TFI global news . 26 September 2021 . A spokesperson for China's foreign ministry, Wang Wenbin, on Thursday denied the accusation, calling it a "smear and slander against China" that was "completely nonsense" and "fake news." Multiple Sources: "Report: Iran pays $1,000 for each U.S. soldier killed by the Taliban" . Both Tehran and the Taliban denied cooperation during the first decade after the US intervention, but the unholy alliance is no longer a secret and the two sides now unapologetically admit and publicize it. The Wall Street Journal . 11 June 2015 . "Iran funding Taliban to affect US military presence in Afghanistan, say police and lawmakers" . Multiple Sources: " 'Absolute nonsense': Khan rejects claim Pakistan helping Taliban" . Pakistan provided military support, including arms, ammunition, fuel, and military advisers, to the Taliban through its Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) "Pakistan's support of the Taliban" . Of all the foreign powers involved in efforts to sustain and manipulate the ongoing fighting [in Afghanistan], Pakistan is distinguished both by the sweep of its objectives and the scale of its efforts, which include soliciting funding for the Taliban, bankrolling Taliban operations, providing diplomatic support as the Taliban's virtual emissaries abroad, arranging training for Taliban fighters, recruiting skilled and unskilled manpower to serve in Taliban armies, planning and directing offensives, providing and facilitating shipments of ammunition and fuel, and ... directly providing combat support. "Why did Saudi Arabia and Qatar, allies of the US, continue to fund the Taliban after the 2001 war?" . scroll.in . 22 December 2017 . Terrorism and Global Disorder . Multiple Sources: "Taliban fought IS with 'limited' US military support, US general reveals" . DW News . 27 March 2018. 'Taliban have assured Russia and Central Asian countries that it would not allow any group, including the IMU, to use Afghan soil against any foreign state,' Muzhdah said. "Watch: in Pakistan Jaish-e-Muhammed & Lashkar-e-taiba rallies to celebrate Taliban takeover in Afghanistan" . "Taliban denies knowledge of al-Zawahiri's presence in Kabul, with some members blaming its Haqqani faction" . Incidentally, the Taliban regime has denied the existence of the TTT… "The Curious Case of Masood Azhar's Disappearance" . The Afghan militants' closeness to Pakistani jihadist group Tehrik-e-Taliban (TTP or, simply, the Pakistani Taliban) is a particular source of concern. The TTP have carried out scores of deadly attacks since their inception in the 2000s, including the infamous 2014 Peshawar school massacre. The Taliban and the TTP are "two faces of the same coin", Pakistani Army Chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa and ISI boss Lieutenant General Faiz Hameed acknowledged at an off-the-record briefing in July. Indeed, the Taliban reportedly freed a senior TTP commander earlier this month during their sweep through Afghanistan. "Pakistan definitely worries about the galvanising effects the Taliban's victory will have on other Islamist militants, and especially the TTP, which was already resurging before the Taliban marched into Kabul," Michael Kugelman, a South Asia expert at the Wilson Center in Washington, DC, told France 24. "It's a fear across the establishment." "Afghan Taliban reject TTP claim of being a 'branch of IEA' " . 11 December 2021 . "Afghan Taliban deny TTP part of movement, call on group to seek peace with Pakistan" . 11 December 2021. "ISIS reportedly moves into Afghanistan, is even fighting Taliban" . 12 January 2015. Tajikistan in the New Central Asia . Electronic government of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 28 November 2019 . "List of terrorist and extremist organizations banned in Kyrgyzstan" . 24.kg . 5 April 2017 . National Bank of Tajikistan . "43 new designations specifically address threats posed by Qatar linked and based Al Qaida Terrorism Support Networks" . The Taliban refer to this government, as they have for decades referred to themselves, as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. "Brief Introduction of Members of the Negotiating Team of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan" . 30 September 2020 . Political Islam in the Age of Democratization . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).

Islamist militant organization in control of Afghanistan For other uses, see Taliban (disambiguation) . The Taliban , which also refers to itself by its state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan , is an Afghan political and militant movement with an ideology comprising elements of the Deobandi movement of Islamic fundamentalism . It ruled approximately 75% of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001 , before it was overthrown by an American invasion after the September 11 attacks carried out by the Taliban's ally al-Qaeda . The Taliban recaptured Kabul in August 2021 following the departure of coalition forces , after 20 years of Taliban insurgency , and now controls the entire country. The Taliban government is not recognized by any country and has been condemned for restricting human rights , including women 's rights to work and have an education . The Taliban emerged in 1994 as a prominent faction in the Afghan Civil War and largely consisted of students from the Pashtun areas of east and south Afghanistan, who had been educated in traditional Islamic schools ( madāris ). Under the leadership of Mullah Omar ( r. 1996–2001 ), the movement spread through most of Afghanistan, shifting power away from the Mujahideen warlords . In 1996, the group established the First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. The Taliban's government was opposed by the Northern Alliance militia, which seized parts of northeast Afghanistan and maintained international recognition as a continuation of the Islamic State of Afghanistan . During their rule from 1996 to 2001, the Taliban enforced a strict interpretation of Sharia , or Islamic law, and were widely condemned for massacres against Afghan civilians, harsh discrimination against religious and ethnic minorities, denial of UN food supplies to starving civilians, destruction of cultural monuments, banning women from school and most employment, and prohibition of most music . The Taliban committed a cultural genocide against Afghans by destroying their historical and cultural texts, artifacts and sculptures. The Taliban held control of most of the country until the United States invasion of Afghanistan in December 2001. Many members of the Taliban fled to neighboring Pakistan. After being overthrown, the Taliban launched an insurgency to fight the US-backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the NATO -led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in the War in Afghanistan . In May 2002, exiled members formed the Council of Leaders based in Quetta , Pakistan. Under Hibatullah Akhundzada 's leadership, in May 2021, the Taliban launched a military offensive , that culminated in the fall of Kabul in August 2021 and the Taliban regaining control. The Islamic Republic was dissolved and the Islamic Emirate reestablished. Following their return to power, the Afghanistan government budget lost 80% of its funding and food insecurity became widespread. The Taliban returned Afghanistan to many policies implemented under its previous rule, including banning women from holding almost any jobs, requiring women to wear head-to-toe coverings such as the burqa , blocking women from travelling without male guardians, banning female speech and banning all education for girls. Decoding the new Taliban: insights from the Afghan field . Conflict in Afghanistan: An Encyclopedia (Roots of Modern Conflict) . Afghanistan Analysts Network . 3 January 2017 . Afghanistan and the Taliban . Fundamentalism Reborn?: Afghanistan and the Taliban . " "Traditionalist" Islamic Activism: Deoband, Tablighis, and Talibs" . Slovenská politologická revue . 3 : 154– 158. The Father of the Taliban: An Interview with Maulana Sami ul-Haq , Spotlight on Terror, The Jamestown Foundation , Volume 4, Issue 2, 23 May 2007. The 'university of holy war' , BBC Online . Pakistan religious schools get scrutiny , Los Angeles Times . Multiple Sources: "From Taliban to Hezbollah, China is empowering Islamists around the world" . TFI global news . 26 September 2021 . A spokesperson for China's foreign ministry, Wang Wenbin, on Thursday denied the accusation, calling it a "smear and slander against China" that was "completely nonsense" and "fake news." Multiple Sources: "Report: Iran pays $1,000 for each U.S. soldier killed by the Taliban" . Both Tehran and the Taliban denied cooperation during the first decade after the US intervention, but the unholy alliance is no longer a secret and the two sides now unapologetically admit and publicize it. The Wall Street Journal . 11 June 2015 . "Iran funding Taliban to affect US military presence in Afghanistan, say police and lawmakers" . Korea sold missiles to al-Qaeda, Taliban" . Multiple Sources: " 'Absolute nonsense': Khan rejects claim Pakistan helping Taliban" . Pakistan provided military support, including arms, ammunition, fuel, and military advisers, to the Taliban through its Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) "Pakistan's support of the Taliban" . Of all the foreign powers involved in efforts to sustain and manipulate the ongoing fighting [in Afghanistan], Pakistan is distinguished both by the sweep of its objectives and the scale of its efforts, which include soliciting funding for the Taliban, bankrolling Taliban operations, providing diplomatic support as the Taliban's virtual emissaries abroad, arranging training for Taliban fighters, recruiting skilled and unskilled manpower to serve in Taliban armies, planning and directing offensives, providing and facilitating shipments of ammunition and fuel, and ... directly providing combat support. "Why did Saudi Arabia and Qatar, allies of the US, continue to fund the Taliban after the 2001 war?" . scroll.in . 22 December 2017 . "Taliban Appeal to Hayat Tahrir al-Sham for Presence in Syria" . 8AM Media . Terrorism and Global Disorder . DW News . 27 March 2018. 'Taliban have assured Russia and Central Asian countries that it would not allow any group, including the IMU, to use Afghan soil against any foreign state,' Muzhdah said. "Watch: in Pakistan Jaish-e-Muhammed & Lashkar-e-taiba rallies to celebrate Taliban takeover in Afghanistan" . "Taliban denies knowledge of al-Zawahiri's presence in Kabul, with some members blaming its Haqqani faction" . Incidentally, the Taliban regime has denied the existence of the TTT… "The Curious Case of Masood Azhar's Disappearance" . "Taliban Appeal to Hayat Tahrir al-Sham for Presence in Syria" . 8AM Media . The Afghan militants' closeness to Pakistani jihadist group Tehrik-e-Taliban (TTP or, simply, the Pakistani Taliban) is a particular source of concern. The TTP have carried out scores of deadly attacks since their inception in the 2000s, including the infamous 2014 Peshawar school massacre. The Taliban and the TTP are "two faces of the same coin", Pakistani Army Chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa and ISI boss Lieutenant General Faiz Hameed acknowledged at an off-the-record briefing in July. Indeed, the Taliban reportedly freed a senior TTP commander earlier this month during their sweep through Afghanistan. "Pakistan definitely worries about the galvanising effects the Taliban's victory will have on other Islamist militants, and especially the TTP, which was already resurging before the Taliban marched into Kabul," Michael Kugelman, a South Asia expert at the Wilson Center in Washington, DC, told France 24. "It's a fear across the establishment." "Afghan Taliban reject TTP claim of being a 'branch of IEA' " . 11 December 2021 . "Afghan Taliban deny TTP part of movement, call on group to seek peace with Pakistan" . 11 December 2021. " The Osama bin Laden I Know , 2006 "Taliban attack NATO base in Afghanistan – Central & South Asia" . Tajikistan in the New Central Asia . National Bank of Tajikistan . "43 new designations specifically address threats posed by Qatar linked and based Al Qaida Terrorism Support Networks" . "UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Bahrain declare details of new terror designations" . wam . The Taliban refer to this government, as they have for decades referred to themselves, as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. "Brief Introduction of Members of the Negotiating Team of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan" . 30 September 2020. Political Islam in the Age of Democratization . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ).