Tayy

Tayy ( ) is a large and ancient Arabian tribe belonging to the southern or Qahtanite branch of Arab tribes. Their original homeland was the area of the two mountains Aja and Salma in north central Arabia (currently Ha'il Province , Saudi Arabia ), though, like all Qahtanite tribes, it is believed they originally moved there from Yemen . The tribe shared the area with Bani Assad and Bani Tamim , and its members included both nomads and settled town-dwellers. The tribe is believed to have included a number of Christians before Islam , though most of the tribe's members are reported to have been pagan . The most famous figure from Tayy in that period was the legendary Hatim Al-Ta'i ( Hatim of Tayy ), said to be a Christian, and renowned among the Arabs for generosity and hospitality. He also figures in the Arabian Nights . The early Islamic historical sources report that his son, 'Adiyy ibn Hatim , whom they sometimes refer to as the "king" of Tayy, converted to Islam before Muhammad 's death. He is particularly revered by the Shi'a , who consider him a partisan of Ali . Another figure from Tayy during this period was Zayd al-Khayr , a prominent member of Tayy who is said to have led Tayy's delegation to Muhammad accepting Islam . Though sections of Tayy began migrating to neighboring regions such as Iraq and Syria before Islam, Tayy participated heavily in the Muslim Conquests of the early centuries of Islam , with sections or individual members of the tribe settling in many parts of the Islamic Empire, including Lebanon and Egypt. Most of these, however, were later assimilated into the general populations of these areas or into other tribes. Though no longer existing as an autonomous tribal grouping since the early Islamic era, Tayy has been the progenitor of several other tribes in Iraq , Syria , Saudi Arabia , and Kuwait . Among the tribes that are descendant of Tayy are Banu Lam , the Fudhool tribal confederation, and some sections of Bani Khalid . Many individuals in Iraq use the surname "Al-Ta'ii", as well, though they mostly belong to Bani Lam and other tribes descendant of Tayy.

Tayy ( ) is a large and ancient Arabian tribe belonging to the southern or Qahtanite branch of Arab tribes. Their original homeland was the area of the two mountains Aja and Salma in north central Arabia (currently Ha'il Province , Saudi Arabia ), though, like all Qahtanite tribes, it is believed they originally moved there from Yemen . The tribe shared the area with Bani Assad and Bani Tamim , and its members included both nomads and settled town-dwellers. Prior to Islam , most of the tribe was Christian , with a small pagan minority following the Canaanite religion . The most famous figure from Tayy in that period was the legendary Hatim Al-Ta'i ( Hatim of Tayy ), said to be a Christian, and renowned among the Arabs for generosity and hospitality. He also figures in the Arabian Nights . There is a famous story about a traveler who stops at a gentleman's tent overnight and experiences the death of his camel. Hatim of Tayy comes to his host in a dream that night, and the guest departs atop a brand-new camel, which is ultimately reimbursed even from beyond the grave due to Hatim of Tayy's generosity. The early Islamic historical sources report that his son, 'Adiyy ibn Hatim , whom they sometimes refer to as the "king" of Tayy, converted to Islam before Muhammad 's death. He is particularly revered by the Shi'a , who consider him a partisan of Ali . Another figure from Tayy during this period was Zayd al-Khayr , a prominent member of Tayy who is said to have led Tayy's delegation to Muhammad accepting Islam . Though sections of Tayy began migrating to neighboring regions such as Iraq and Syria before Islam, Tayy participated heavily in the Muslim Conquests of the early centuries of Islam , with sections or individual members of the tribe settling in many parts of the Islamic Empire, including Lebanon and Egypt. Most of these, however, were later assimilated into the general populations of these areas or into other tribes. Though no longer existing as an autonomous tribal grouping since the early Islamic era, Tayy has been the progenitor of several other tribes in Iraq , Syria , Saudi Arabia , and Kuwait . Most Arab genealogists, as well as oral tradition hold that the Arabian Tribe of Shammar is the descendant of Tayy. Various other tribes claim various degrees of descent from Tayy, including the Banu Lam , the Fudhool tribal confederation, and some sections of Bani Khalid . Many individuals in Iraq use the surname "Al-Ta'ii", as well, though they mostly belong to Bani Lam.

Arabian tribe The Tayy ( / ALA-LC : Ṭayyi’ ), also known as Ṭayyi , Tayyaye , or Taiyaye , are a large and ancient Arab tribe, among whose descendants today are the tribes of Bani Sakher and Shammar . The nisba ( patronymic ) of Tayy is aṭ-Ṭāʾī ( ٱلطَّائِي ). In the second century CE, they migrated to the northern Arabian ranges of the Shammar and Salma Mountains , which then collectively became known as the Jabal Tayy , and later Jabal Shammar . The latter continues to be the traditional homeland of the tribe until the present day. They later established relations with the Sasanian and Byzantine empires. Though traditionally allied with the Sasanian client state of the Lakhmids , the Tayy supplanted them as the rulers of al-Hirah in the 610s. In the late sixth century, the Fasad War split the Tayy, with members of its Jadila branch converting to Christianity and migrating to Syria where they became allied with the Ghassanids , and the Ghawth branch remaining in Jabal Tayy. A chieftain and poet of the Al Ghawth, Hatim al-Ta'i , is widely known among Arabs until today. Adi ibn Hatim and another Tayy chieftain, Zayd al-Khayr , converted to Islam together with much of their tribe in 629–630, and became companions of the Prophet . The Tayy participated in several Muslim military campaigns after Muhammad's death, including in the Ridda Wars and the Muslim conquest of Persia . Al-Jadila in northern Syria remained Christian until the Muslim conquest of the Levant in 638. The Tayy were split during the First Fitna , with those based in Arabia and Iraq supporting Ali as caliph and those in Syria supporting Mu'awiya . The latter and his Umayyad kinsmen ultimately triumphed and members of the Tayy participated in the Umayyad conquest of Sindh in the early eighth century. Nonetheless, a branch of the Tayy under Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i were among the leaders of the Abbasid Revolution which toppled the Umayyads in the mid-eighth century. The Tayy fared well under the Abbasid Caliphate , producing military officials and renowned poets such as Buhturi and Abu Tammam . By the mid-9th century, Abbasid authority had eroded and the Tayy were left dominant in the southern Syrian Desert and Jabal Tayy. Under the Jarrahids , they established themselves in Palestine under Fatimid rule. As the virtually independent rulers of the area between Ramla and Jabal Tayy, they controlled the key routes between Egypt, Syria, Arabia and Iraq. They vacillated between the Fatimids and the Byzantines and then between the Seljuks and Crusaders until the late 12th and early 13th centuries, when the Tayy's various subbranches, chief among them the Al Fadl , were left as the last politically influential Arab tribe in the region extending from Najd northward to Upper Mesopotamia .

Arabian tribe The Tayy ( Arabic : طيء / ALA-LC : Ṭayyi’ ; Musnad : 𐩷𐩺), also known as Ṭayyi , Tayyaye , or Taiyaye , are a large and ancient Arab tribe, among whose descendants today are the tribes of Bani Sakher and Shammar . The nisba ( patronymic ) of Tayy is aṭ-Ṭāʾī ( ٱلطَّائِي ). In the second century CE, they migrated to the northern Arabian ranges of the Shammar and Salma Mountains , which then collectively became known as the Jabal Tayy , and later Jabal Shammar . The latter continues to be the traditional homeland of the tribe until the present day. They later established relations with the Sasanian and Byzantine empires. Though traditionally allied with the Sasanian client state of the Lakhmids , the Tayy supplanted them as the rulers of al-Hirah in the 610s. In the late sixth century, the Fasad War split the Tayy, with members of its Jadila branch converting to Christianity and migrating to Syria where they became allied with the Ghassanids , and the Ghawth branch remaining in Jabal Tayy. A chieftain and poet of the Al Ghawth, Hatim al-Ta'i , is widely known among Arabs until today. Adi ibn Hatim and another Tayy chieftain, Zayd al-Khayr , converted to Islam together with much of their tribe in 629–630, and became companions of the Prophet . The Tayy participated in several Muslim military campaigns after Muhammad's death, including in the Ridda Wars and the Muslim conquest of Persia . Al-Jadila in northern Syria remained Christian until the Muslim conquest of the Levant in 638. The Tayy were split during the First Fitna , with those based in Arabia and Iraq supporting Ali as caliph and those in Syria supporting Mu'awiya . The latter and his Umayyad kinsmen ultimately triumphed and members of the Tayy participated in the Umayyad conquest of Sindh in the early eighth century. Nonetheless, a branch of the Tayy under Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i were among the leaders of the Abbasid Revolution which toppled the Umayyads in the mid-eighth century. The Tayy fared well under the Abbasid Caliphate , producing military officials and renowned poets such as Buhturi and Abu Tammam . By the mid-9th century, Abbasid authority had eroded and the Tayy were left dominant in the southern Syrian Desert and Jabal Tayy. Under the Jarrahids , they established themselves in Palestine under Fatimid rule. As the virtually independent rulers of the area between Ramla and Jabal Tayy, they controlled the key routes between Egypt, Syria, Arabia and Iraq. They vacillated between the Fatimids and the Byzantines and then between the Seljuks and Crusaders until the late 12th and early 13th centuries, when the Tayy's various subbranches, chief among them the Al Fadl , were left as the last politically influential Arab tribe in the region extending from Najd northward to Upper Mesopotamia .