Tazir

In Islamic Law , tazir (or ta'zir , Arabic تعزير) refers to punishment , usually corporal , that can be administered at the discretion of the judge, called a Cadi , Kadi , Qāḍī , as opposed to the hudud (singular: hadd ). The Oxford Islamic Studies online page defines the six crimes for which punishments are fixed are theft (amputation of the hand), illicit sexual relations (death by stoning or one hundred lashes), making unproven accusations of illicit sex (eighty lashes), drinking intoxicants (eighty lashes), apostasy (death or banishment), and highway robbery (death). Strict requirements for evidence (including eyewitnesses) have severely limited the application of hudud penalties. The punishments for the Hadd offenses are fixed by the Qur'an or Hadith , however ta'zir refers to punishments applied to the other offenses for which no punishment is specified in the Qur'an. These are often the equivalent of misdemeanor offenses. They could also be applied to hadd offenses in situations where the standards of proof required for hudud punishments could not be met due to their strict nature. The general rule dictates that no Ta'zir punishment can exceed that of a hadd penalty. Ta'zir developed in the early Islamic empire of the Umayyads (A.D. 661-750). The objectives of the punishment was to discourage repetition of the crime which was accomplished by varying the punishment to fit the circumstances of the convicted party particularly if reparations are made or repentance shown to the offended party. Punishments ranged from admonitions to death, though death is only used in extreme cases. The burden of proof is less strict in a Ta'zir case, the testimony of two witnesses or a confession is enough. Confessions are not able to be retracted later.

Political Islamic leadership Caliphate Majlis-ash-Shura Imamate Wilayat al-faqih Bay'ah Dhimmi Aman Family Criminal Etiquette Adab Gender segregation ( Purdah ) Mahram Honorifics Toilet Economic Hygiene Military Jihad Ghanimah Hudna Istijarah (asylum) Prisoners of war Social Haqq al-Nas ( The right(s) of the people ) Islamic studies v t e In Islamic Law , tazir (or ta'zir , Arabic تعزير) refers to punishment , usually corporal , decided at the discretion of the judge or ruler of the state. It is one of three major types of punishments under Sharia — hadd, qisas and tazir. The punishments for the hudud offenses are fixed by the Qur'an or Hadith , Qisas allow equal retaliation in cases such as murder or injury, however Ta'zir refers to punishments applied to the other offenses for which no punishment is specified in the Qur'an or the Hadith. Tazir punishments are a class of criminal penalties in Sharia that are defined by the state or Qadi , in contrast to hudud which are considered in Islam as penalties defined by God. The application of Islamic criminal law in Pakistan Sharia in practice .

Category of offense in Islamic law Political Islamic leadership Caliphate Majlis-ash-Shura Imamate Wilayat al-faqih Bay'ah Dhimmi Aman Family Criminal Etiquette Adab Gender segregation ( Purdah ) Mahram Honorifics Toilet Economic Hygiene Military Jihad Ghanimah Hudna Istijarah (asylum) Prisoners of war Social Haqq al-Nas ( The right(s) of the people ) Islamic studies v t e In Islamic Law , tazir (or ta'zir , ) refers to punishment for offenses at the discretion of the judge ( Qadi ) or ruler of the state. It is one of three major types of punishments or sanctions under Sharia Islamic law — hadd , qisas and tazir . The punishments for the Hadd offenses are fixed by the Qur'an or Hadith (i.e. "defined by God" ), qisas allow equal retaliation in cases of intentional bodily harm, while ta'zir refers to punishments applied to the other offenses for which no punishment is specified in the Qur'an or the Hadith. The application of Islamic criminal law in Pakistan Sharia in practice .

Category of offense in Islamic law Political Islamic leadership Caliphate Majlis-ash-Shura Imamate Wilayat al-faqih Bay'ah Dhimmi Aman Family Criminal Etiquette Adab Gender segregation ( Purdah ) Mahram Honorifics Toilet Economic Hygiene Military Jihad Ghanimah Hudna Istijarah (asylum) Prisoners of war Social Haqq al-Nas ( The right(s) of the people ) Islamic studies v t e In Islamic Law , tazir ( ta'zeer or ta'zir , ) refers to punishment for offenses at the discretion of the judge ( Qadi ) or ruler of the state. It is one of three major types of punishments or sanctions under Sharia Islamic law — hadd , qisas and ta'zir . The punishments for the Hadd offenses are fixed by the Qur'an or Hadith (i.e. "defined by God" ), qisas allow equal retaliation in cases of intentional bodily harm, while ta'zir refers to punishments applied to the other offenses for which no punishment is specified in the Qur'an or the Hadith or is not punishable under either qisas or hudud. The application of Islamic criminal law in Pakistan Sharia in practice .

Category of offense in Islamic law Political Islamic leadership Caliphate Majlis-ash-Shura Imamate Wilayat al-faqih Bay'ah Dhimmi Aman Family Criminal Etiquette Adab Gender segregation ( Purdah ) Mahram Honorifics Toilet Economic Hygiene Military Jihad Ghanimah Hudna Istijarah (asylum) Prisoners of war Social Haqq al-Nas ( The right(s) of the people ) Islamic studies v t e In Islamic Law , tazir ( ta'zeer or ta'zir , Arabic : تعزير , romanized : taʿzīr ) lit. scolding; refers to punishment for offenses at the discretion of the judge ( Qadi ) or ruler of the state. It is one of three major types of punishments or sanctions under Islamic law, Sharia — hadd , qisas / diyya and ta'zir . Contrary to the lightness of naming, tazir are discretionary punishments that can range from a harsh warning from the judge to corporal punishment such as flogging, imprisonment and exile not specified in the Qur'an nor the hadiths, or is not punishable under either qisas or hudud. Terminologically, the definition of hudud refers to punishments for actions that exceed divinely determined limits, fixed in the Qur'an or hadiths ) while qisas refers to the equal response that can be used in cases of bodily harm such as killings and organ losses, and diyya refers to variable compensation payments for situations where retaliation is not possible according to sharia rulings in these situations. It is defined by Imam Nawawi, who is a well known and respected Shafi jurist, as a punishment awarded for crimes which have no hadd nor kaffara while Ibn Qudama a Hanbali jurist defines Ta'zir as a “legal punishment for a crime which has no hadd". Which crime falls into which category may vary depending on understanding. According to Al-Kasani a well known Hanafi scholar, defines ta'zir as a crime which has no specified punishment in shari'a. It is a crime either against the right of God such as abandoning the prayer and fasting, or against the right of an individual such as harming a Muslim with a word or deed.” However, in sharia governments, their testimony against a devout Muslim may not be accepted, they may be humiliated and barred from certain positions because of this tag. The application of Islamic criminal law in Pakistan Sharia in practice .