Terrorism

Organizational structures Financing Fronting Radicalization ( online ) Training camp Death squad Clandestine cell system Leaderless resistance Lone wolf Domestic Methods Tactics Agro-terrorism Aircraft hijacking list Beheading Guillotine #Reign of Terror Islamic views Salafi Bombing Animal-borne Car list Improvised Letter Proxy Threat Bioterrorism Cyberterrorism Dry run Environmental Hostage-taking Incitement to terrorism Individual terror Insurgency Kidnapping Nuclear Paper Piracy Propaganda of the deed Shooting School Spree Stabbing Stochastic Suicide attack Country categories Rockets and mortars Urban terrorism Vehicle-ramming Relationship to states Response to terrorism v t e Terrorism is a controversial and subjective term with multiple definitions. One definition means a violent action targetting civilians exclusively. Another definition is the use or threatened use of violence for the purpose of creating fear in order to achieve a political, economic, religious, or ideological goal. Under the second definition, the targets of terrorist acts can be anyone, including civilians, government officials, military personnel, or people serving the interests of governments. Through intimidation or by instilling fear, terrorism can be used as a form of blackmail to apply pressure on governments for goals the terrorists could not achieve by other means. Civilians are usually held to be "innocent" victims of terrorist violence if they are unarmed and not in uniform when it occurs. Intentional violence against civilians (noncombatants) is the type of action most widely condemned as "terrorism", while unintentional violence against civilians is called " collateral damage ". Guerrilla warfare is sometimes confused with terrorism, in that a relatively small force attempts to achieve large goals by using organized acts of directed violence against a larger force. But in contrast to terrorism, these acts are almost always against military targets, and civilian targets are minimized in an attempt to increase public support. Regardless, the perpetually unresolved argument of whether the use of terrorism is a valid form of warfare can be summed up by the infamous quote that "one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter," although as Furedi notes: "Anybody can call anybody a terrorist... however, it is those designated 'terrorist' by the great powers who suffer the consequences of living with the label."

Terrorism is generally taken to mean the systematic use of fear especially as a means of coercion however, the International community has been unable to formulate a universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition of terrorism . Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent acts which are intended to create fear (terror), are perpetrated for an ideological goal, and deliberately target or disregard the safety of non-combatants (civilians). Some definitions also include acts of unlawful violence and war. The history of terrorist organizations suggests that they do not select terrorism for its political effectiveness. Individual terrorists tend to be motivated more by a desire for social solidarity with other members of their organization than by political platforms or strategic objectives, which are often murky and undefined. The word "terrorism" is politically and emotionally charged, and this greatly compounds the difficulty of providing a precise definition. Studies have found over 100 definitions of “terrorism”. The concept of terrorism may itself be controversial as it is often used by state authorities to delegitimize political or other opponents, and potentially legitimize the state's own use of armed force against opponents (such use of force may itself be described as "terror" by opponents of the state). A less politically and emotionally charged, and more easily definable, term is violent non-state actor (though the semantic scope of this term includes not only "terrorists," while excluding some individuals or groups who have previously been described as "terrorists"). Terrorism has been practiced by a broad array of political organizations for furthering their objectives. It has been practiced by both right-wing and left-wing political parties, nationalistic groups, religious groups, revolutionaries, and ruling governments. One form is the use of violence against noncombatants for the purpose of gaining publicity for a group, cause, or individual. The Right of Self-Defence under International Law-the Response to the Terrorist Attacks of 11 September , Australian Law and Bills Digest Group, Parliament of Australia Web Site, 12 February 2002. The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. Political Terrorism: A new guide to actors, authors, concepts, data bases, theories and literature. In 2004, he earned the prestigious Wilfred Owen prize for a series of poems opposing the war in Iraq. In his acceptance speech, Pinter described the war as "a bandit act, an act of blatant state terrorism, demonstrating absolute contempt for the concept of international law." Barak Mendelsohn (2005-01). This article examines the complex relations between a violent non-state actor, the Al Qaeda network, and order in the international system. Al Qaeda poses a challenge to the sovereignty of specific states but it also challenges the international society as a whole. : Check date values in: |date= ( help ) "Terrorism" .

United Airlines Flight 175 , which had been taken over by hijackers, hits the South Tower of the former World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 , in New York City , United States . Organizational structures Financing Fronting Radicalization ( online ) Training camp Death squad Clandestine cell system Leaderless resistance Lone wolf Domestic Methods Tactics Agro-terrorism Aircraft hijacking list Beheading Guillotine #Reign of Terror Islamic views Salafi Bombing Animal-borne Car list Improvised Letter Proxy Threat Bioterrorism Cyberterrorism Dry run Environmental Hostage-taking Incitement to terrorism Individual terror Insurgency Kidnapping Nuclear Paper Piracy Propaganda of the deed Shooting School Spree Stabbing Stochastic Suicide attack Country categories Rockets and mortars Urban terrorism Vehicle-ramming Relationship to states Response to terrorism v t e Terrorism is commonly defined as violent acts (or the threat of violent acts) intended to create fear ( terror ), perpetrated for an economic , religious, political, or ideological goal, and which deliberately target or disregard the safety of non-combatants (e.g., neutral military personnel or civilians ). Another common definition sees terrorism as political , ideological or religious violence by non-state actors . Some definitions now include acts of unlawful violence and war . The use of similar tactics by criminal organizations for protection rackets or to enforce a code of silence is usually not labeled terrorism, though these same actions may be labeled terrorism when done by a politically motivated group. Usage of the term has also been criticized for its frequent undue equating with Islamism or jihadism , while ignoring non-Islamic organizations or individuals. In the international community , terrorism has no legally binding, criminal-law definition . The word "terrorism" is politically loaded and emotionally charged, and this greatly compounds the difficulty of providing a precise definition. A study on political terrorism examining over 100 definitions of "terrorism" found 22 separate definitional elements (e.g. In some cases, the same group may be described as "freedom fighters" by its supporters and as "terrorists" by its opponents, a phenomenon giving rise to the cliché, "one man's freedom fighter is another man's terrorist." The concept of terrorism may be controversial as it is often used by state authorities (and individuals with access to state support) to delegitimize political or other opponents, and potentially legitimize the state's own use of armed force against opponents (such use of force may be described as "terror" by opponents of the state). At the same time, the reverse may also take place when states perpetrate or are accused of perpetrating state terrorism . The usage of the term has a controversial history, with individuals such as ANC leader Nelson Mandela at one point also branded a terrorist. A broad array of political organizations has practiced terrorism to further their objectives. It has been practiced by both right-wing and left-wing political parties, nationalistic groups, religious groups, revolutionaries, and ruling governments. The symbolism of terrorism can exploit human fear to help achieve these goals. See review in "Inside Terrorism" . The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. In 2004, he earned the prestigious Wilfred Owen prize for a series of poems opposing the war in Iraq. In his acceptance speech, Pinter described the war as "a bandit act, an act of blatant state terrorism, demonstrating absolute contempt for the concept of international law".

Use of fear to further a political or ideological cause "Terrorist" redirects here. United Airlines Flight 175 hits the South Tower of the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks of 2001 in New York City . Organizational structures Financing Fronting Radicalization ( online ) Training camp Death squad Clandestine cell system Leaderless resistance Lone wolf Domestic Methods Tactics Agro-terrorism Aircraft hijacking list Beheading Guillotine #Reign of Terror Islamic views Salafi Bombing Animal-borne Car list Improvised Letter Proxy Threat Bioterrorism Cyberterrorism Dry run Environmental Hostage-taking Incitement to terrorism Individual terror Insurgency Kidnapping Nuclear Paper Piracy Propaganda of the deed Shooting School Spree Stabbing Stochastic Suicide attack Country categories Rockets and mortars Urban terrorism Vehicle-ramming Relationship to states Response to terrorism v t e Terrorism , in its broadest sense, is the use of intentional violence and fear to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants (mostly civilians and neutral military personnel ). The terms "terrorist" and "terrorism" originated during the French Revolution of the late 18th century but became widely used internationally and gained worldwide attention in the 1970s during the Troubles in Northern Ireland, the Basque conflict , and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict . The increased use of suicide attacks from the 1980s onwards was typified by the 2001 September 11 attacks in the United States. There are various different definitions of terrorism , with no universal agreement about it. Terrorism is a charged term . It is often used with the connotation of something that is "morally wrong". Governments and non-state groups use the term to abuse or denounce opposing groups. Varied political organizations have been accused of using terrorism to achieve their objectives. These include left-wing and right-wing political organizations, nationalist groups , religious groups , revolutionaries , and ruling governments . Legislation declaring terrorism a crime has been adopted in many states. State terrorism is that perpetrated by nation states , but is not considered such by the state conducting it, making legality a grey area. There is no consensus as to whether terrorism should be regarded as a war crime . Separating activism and terrorism can be difficult and has been described as a 'fine line'. The Global Terrorism Database , maintained by the University of Maryland, College Park , has recorded more than 61,000 incidents of non-state terrorism, resulting in at least 140,000 deaths, between 2000 and 2014. Oxford dictionary of English (3rd ed.). The corporate security professional's handbook on terrorism (illustrated ed.). The New York Times . Terrorism is the deliberate killing of innocent people, at random, in order to spread fear through a whole population and force the hand of its political leaders. The Psychology of Terrorism Fears . Terrorism and Homeland Security . Historical Atlas of Islam . Rejecting refugees: political asylum in the 21st century .

Use of violence to achieve political or ideological aims "Terrorist" redirects here. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants . There are various different definitions of terrorism , with no universal agreement about it. Different definitions of terrorism emphasize its randomness , its aim to instill fear , and its broader impact beyond its immediate victims. Modern terrorism, evolving from earlier iterations, employs various tactics to pursue political goals, often leveraging fear as a strategic tool to influence decision makers. By targeting densely populated public areas such as transportation hubs, airports, shopping centers, tourist attractions, and nightlife venues, terrorists aim to instill widespread insecurity, prompting policy changes through psychological manipulation and undermining confidence in security measures. The terms "terrorist" and "terrorism" originated during the French Revolution of the late 18th century, but became widely used internationally and gained worldwide attention in the 1970s during the Troubles in Northern Ireland, the Basque conflict and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict . The increased use of suicide attacks from the 1980s onwards was typified by the September 11 attacks in the United States in 2001. The Global Terrorism Database , maintained by the University of Maryland, College Park , has recorded more than 61,000 incidents of non-state terrorism, resulting in at least 140,000 deaths between 2000 and 2014. Various organizations and countries have used terrorism to achieve their objectives. These include left-wing and right-wing political organizations, nationalist groups , religious groups , revolutionaries , and ruling governments . In recent decades, hybrid terrorist organizations have emerged, incorporating both military and political arms. State terrorism , with its institutionalized instrumentation of terror tactics through massacres , genocides , forced disappearances , carpet bombings and torture , is a deadlier form of terrorism than non-state terrorism. That is to say, if we list all the different phenomena which are at one time or another described as terrorism in ordinary conversation, or in ordinary newspapers, or by ordinary politicians, we will end up with a huge rag-bag of not very similar items . . The disadvantages of trying to construct an ordinary-language definition based on current usage can be seen, too, in the plethora of conflicting definitions occurring in philosophical and political literature. The corporate security professional's handbook on terrorism (illustrated ed.). The New York Times . Terrorism is the deliberate killing of innocent people, at random, in order to spread fear through a whole population and force the hand of its political leaders. Oxford dictionary of English (3rd ed.). State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South .