Wikipedia's first sentence called it “american intellectual who wrote extensively on the history of science and developed several important notions i”. Today it says “american historian and philosopher of science whose 1962 book the structure of scientific revolutions was influ”. The one-line description Wikipedia serves to search engines and AI systems read “American philosopher of science (1922–1996)”. It now reads “American philosopher (1922–1996)”.
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The opening as it read in 2005
Thomas Samuel Kuhn ( July 18 , 1922 – June 17 , 1996 ) was an American intellectual who wrote extensively on the history of science and developed several important notions in the philosophy of science .1Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio to Samuel L. Kuhn, an industrial engineer, and Minette Stroock Kuhn. He obtained his bachelor's degree in physics from Harvard University in 1943 , his master's in 1946 and Ph.D. in 1949 , and taught a course in the history of science there from 1948 until 1956 at the suggestion of Harvard president James Conant . After leaving Harvard, Kuhn taught at the University of California, Berkeley in both the philosophy department and the history department, being named Professor of the History of Science in 1961 . In 1964 he joined Princeton University as the M. In 1979 he joined the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as the Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Philosophy, remaining there until 1991 . He is most famous for his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (SSR) ( 1962 ) in which he presented the idea that science does not evolve gradually toward truth, but instead undergoes periodic revolutions which he calls " paradigm shifts ." The enormous impact of Kuhn's work can be measured in the revolution it brought about even in the vocabulary of the history of science: besides "paradigm shifts," Kuhn raised the word " paradigm " itself from a term used in certain forms of linguistics to its current broader meaning, coined the term " normal science " to refer to the relatively routine, day-to-day work of scientists working within a paradigm, and was largely responsible for the use of the term " scientific revolutions " in the plural, taking place at widely different periods of time in the different disciplines as against a single "Scientific Revolution" in the late Renaissance . Kuhn was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 1954 , and in 1982 was awarded the George Sarton Medal in the History of Science . He was also awarded numerous honorary doctorates. He suffered cancer of the bronchial tubes for the last two years of his life and died Monday June 17, 1996. He was survived by his wife Jehane R. Kuhn, his ex-wife Kathryn Muhs Kuhn, and their three children, Sarah, Elizabeth and Nathaniel.2
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 15927181.
The opening as it stood in 2010 13 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Thomas Samuel Kuhn (surname ˈkuːn ; July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American physicist who wrote extensively on the history of science and developed several important notions in the sociology and philosophy of science .Kuhn has made several important contributions to our understanding of the progress of knowledge: Science undergoes periodic " paradigm shifts " instead of progressing in a linear and continuous way These paradigm shifts open up new approaches to understanding that scientists would never have considered valid before Scientists can never divorce their subjective perspective from their work; thus, our comprehension of science can never rely on full "objectivity" - we must account for subjective perspectives as well
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Thomas Samuel Kuhn ( / ˈ k uː n / ; July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American physicist , historian , and philosopher of science whose controversial 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was influential in both academic and popular circles, introducing the term " paradigm shift ", which has since become an English-language idiom.Kuhn made several notable claims concerning the progress of scientific knowledge : that scientific fields undergo periodic " paradigm shifts " rather than solely progressing in a linear and continuous way, and that these paradigm shifts open up new approaches to understanding what scientists would never have considered valid before; and that the notion of scientific truth, at any given moment, cannot be established solely by objective criteria but is defined by a consensus of a scientific community .Competing paradigms are frequently incommensurable ; that is, they are competing and irreconcilable accounts of reality.Thus, our comprehension of science can never rely wholly upon "objectivity" alone.Science must account for subjective perspectives as well, since all objective conclusions are ultimately founded upon the subjective conditioning/worldview of its researchers and participants.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 665862714.
The opening as it stood in 2020
Thomas Samuel Kuhn ( / k uː n / ; July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American philosopher of science whose 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was influential in both academic and popular circles, introducing the term paradigm shift , which has since become an English-language idiom. Kuhn made several claims concerning the progress of scientific knowledge : that scientific fields undergo periodic "paradigm shifts" rather than solely progressing in a linear and continuous way, and that these paradigm shifts open up new approaches to understanding what scientists would never have considered valid before; and that the notion of scientific truth, at any given moment, cannot be established solely by objective criteria but is defined by a consensus of a scientific community . Competing paradigms are frequently incommensurable ; that is, they are competing and irreconcilable accounts of reality. Thus, our comprehension of science can never rely wholly upon "objectivity" alone. Science must account for subjective perspectives as well, since all objective conclusions are ultimately founded upon the subjective conditioning/worldview of its researchers and participants. Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) : "Not all the achievements of the preceding period of normal science are preserved in a revolution, and indeed a later period of science may find itself without an explanation for a phenomenon that in an earlier period was held to be successfully explained.This feature of scientific revolutions has become known as 'Kuhn-loss'".The term was coined by Heinz R.(1971), "Correspondence, Invariance and Heuristics," Studies in History and Philosophy of Science , 2 , 213–255."Transcendental nominalism" is a position ascribed to Kuhn by Ian Hacking (see D.A Companion to the Philosophy of History and Historiography , Blackwell Publishing, 2011 : "Analytic Realism".Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions .Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions .Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions .Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1970 (2nd ed.), p. vi.Kuhn on Scientific Progress' ".
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The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
American philosopher of science (1922–1996) Thomas Samuel Kuhn ( / k uː n / ; July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American historian and philosopher of science whose 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was influential in both academic and popular circles, introducing the term paradigm shift , which has since become an English-language idiom. Kuhn made several claims concerning the progress of scientific knowledge : that scientific fields undergo periodic "paradigm shifts" rather than solely progressing in a linear and continuous way, and that these paradigm shifts open up new approaches to understanding what scientists would never have considered valid before; and that the notion of scientific truth, at any given moment, cannot be established solely by objective criteria but is defined by a consensus of a scientific community . Competing paradigms are frequently incommensurable ; that is, they are competing and irreconcilable accounts of reality. Thus, our comprehension of science can never rely wholly upon "objectivity" alone. Science must account for subjective perspectives as well, since all objective conclusions are ultimately founded upon the subjective conditioning/worldview of its researchers and participants. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy . This feature of scientific revolutions has become known as 'Kuhn-loss'". The term was coined by Heinz R. (1971), "Correspondence, Invariance and Heuristics," Studies in History and Philosophy of Science , 2 , 213–255. "Transcendental nominalism" is a position ascribed to Kuhn by Ian Hacking (see D. A Companion to the Philosophy of History and Historiography , Blackwell Publishing, 2011 : "Analytic Realism". Kuhn on Scientific Progress' ".
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1176644906.
The opening as it stood in 2025 3 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
American philosopher of science (1922–1996) Not to be confused with Thomas Kuhn (Michigan politician) . Thomas Samuel Kuhn ( / k uː n / ; July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American historian and philosopher of science whose 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was influential in both academic and popular circles, introducing the term paradigm shift , which has since become an English-language idiom. Kuhn made several claims concerning the progress of scientific knowledge : that scientific fields undergo periodic "paradigm shifts" rather than solely progressing in a linear and continuous way, and that these paradigm shifts open up new approaches to understanding what scientists would never have considered valid before; and that the notion of scientific truth, at any given moment, cannot be established solely by objective criteria but is defined by a consensus of a scientific community . Competing paradigms are frequently incommensurable ; that is, there is no one-to-one correspondence of assumptions and terms. Thus, our comprehension of science can never rely wholly upon "objectivity" alone. Science must account for subjective perspectives as well, since all objective conclusions are ultimately founded upon the subjective conditioning/worldview of its researchers and participants. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy . This feature of scientific revolutions has become known as 'Kuhn-loss'". The term was coined by Heinz R. (1971), "Correspondence, Invariance and Heuristics," Studies in History and Philosophy of Science , 2 , 213–255. "Transcendental nominalism" is a position ascribed to Kuhn by Ian Hacking (see D.
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Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “american intellectual who wrote extensively on the history of science and developed several important notions i”. Today it says “american historian and philosopher of science whose 1962 book the structure of scientific revolutions was influ”. The one-line description Wikipedia serves to search engines and AI systems read “American philosopher of science (1922–1996)”. It now reads “American philosopher (1922–1996)”. Read the current article and compare.
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What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2005, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
american intellectual who wrote extensively on the history of science and developed several important notions i
Now
american historian and philosopher of science whose 1962 book the structure of scientific revolutions was influ
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