Three Ds of antisemitism

The 3D Test of Antisemitism is a set of criteria intended to distinguish legitimate criticism of Israel from antisemitism . The three Ds stand for D elegitimization [of Israel], D emonization [of Israel], and [subjecting Israel to] D ouble standards; each of which indicates antisemitism. The test was developed by Natan Sharansky , a Jewish leader and current chairman of the Jewish Agency for Israel . It was published in the Jewish Political Studies Review in 2004. The test serves as a conceptual tool that defines the limits of legitimate criticism towards the State of Israel , its actions and policies and a non-legitimate criticism that becomes antisemitic. Professor Irwin Cotler , a leading scholar of human rights, has said that "we’ve got to set up certain boundaries of where it [criticism of Israel] does cross the line, because I’m one of those who believes strongly, not only in free speech, but also in rigorous debate, and discussion, and dialectic, and the like. If you say too easily that everything is anti-Semitic, then nothing is anti-Semitic, and we no longer can make distinctions.” The 3D Test of Antisemitism rebuts arguments which claim that "Any criticism toward the State of Israel considered as antisemitic, and therefore legitimate criticism is silenced and ignored". This test has been adopted by the U.S. It has been criticized for lacking "sufficient rigor to be used without modification for scholarly or governmental purposes". Our State Department uses Natan Sharansky's "Three Ds" test for identifying when someone or a government crosses the line from criticizing Israeli policies into anti-Semitism: when Israel is demonized, when Israel is held to different standards than the rest of the countries, and when Israel is delegitimized. Engage – the anti-racist campaign against antisemitism . Jewish Identity and Civil Rights in America .

The " three Ds " or the " 3D test " of antisemitism is a set of criteria put forth by Israeli politician Natan Sharansky to distinguish legitimate criticism of Israel from antisemitism . The three Ds stand for: D elegitimization of Israel D emonization of Israel Subjecting Israel to D ouble standards Each of which, according to the test, indicates antisemitism. It was published in the Jewish Political Studies Review in 2004. The test is intended to draw the line between legitimate criticism towards the State of Israel , its actions and policies, and non-legitimate criticism that becomes antisemitic. The three Ds test intends to rebut arguments which say that "any criticism toward the State of Israel is considered antisemitic, and therefore legitimate criticism is silenced and ignored". This test was adopted by the U.S. Our State Department uses Natan Sharansky's "Three Ds" test for identifying when someone or a government crosses the line from criticizing Israeli policies into anti-Semitism: when Israel is demonized, when Israel is held to different standards than the rest of the countries, and when Israel is delegitimized. Jewish Identity and Civil Rights in America . United States Department of State "As a member of IHRA, the United States now uses this working definition and has encouraged other governments and international organizations to use it as well."

Criteria aiming to distinguish criticism of Israel from antisemitism The " three Ds " or the " 3D test " of antisemitism is a set of criteria formulated by Israeli politician Natan Sharansky in order to distinguish legitimate criticism of Israel from antisemitism . The three Ds stand for delegitimization , demonization, and double standards, each of which, according to the test, indicates antisemitism. The test is intended to draw the line between on one hand legitimate criticism of the State of Israel , its actions and policies, and on the other hand antisemitism hidden behind a facade of anti-Zionism . The three Ds test is intended to rebut arguments that "any criticism toward the State of Israel is considered antisemitic, and therefore legitimate criticism is silenced and ignored." This test was adopted by the U.S. Department of State in 2010, but later replaced by the Working Definition of Antisemitism in 2017. The test has been criticized for vagueness, and has raised among some people concerns of possible abuse to still label legitimate criticism of Israeli policies as antisemitic. Our State Department uses Natan Sharansky's "Three Ds" test for identifying when someone or a government crosses the line from criticizing Israeli policies into antisemitism: when Israel is demonized, when Israel is held to different standards than the rest of the countries, and when Israel is delegitimized. Jewish Identity and Civil Rights in America . United States Department of State "As a member of IHRA, the United States now uses this working definition and has encouraged other governments and international organizations to use it as well." Keskinkılıç, Ozan Zakariya; Langer, Armin (2021). Solidarität: Überlegungen zu den Chancen und Herausforderungen jüdischmuslimischer Allianzen". Kritiker*innen bemängeln den Test dahingehend, dass er zu unkonkret sei undleicht missbraucht werden könne, um legitime Kritik an Israels Palästinapolitikals antisemitisch zu diskreditieren.