Timeline of Zionism

Timeline of Zionism in the modern era: 1861 - The Zion Society is formed in Frankfurt, Germany . 1870 - 1890 - Russian group Hovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion) sets up 30 Jewish farming colonies in Palestine , financially aided by Baron Edmond James de Rothschild . They were populated by European Jews with no common language; Eliezer ben Yehuda labored to revive Hebrew as a common spoken language. ( Hovevei Zion ) 1878 - Galician poet Naphtali Herz Imber writes a poem Tikvatenu (Our Hope), later adopted as the Zionist hymn Hatikvah . 1881 - 1884 - Russian pogroms kill tens of thousands of Jews. Hundreds of thousands of Jews flee. 1880 - 1920 - Two million Russian Jews migrate to the US. 1882 - 1903 - The first major wave of Jewish immigration ( aliyah ) to Palestine . 1894 - The Dreyfus affair radicalizes Theodore Herzl 1896 - Herzl writes Der Judenstaat (The State of Jews) advocating the creation of a Jewish state. 1896 - 1904 Herzl unsuccessfully approaches world leaders for assistance in the creation of a Jewish National Home. 1897 - The First Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland , urges "a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine" for Jews and establishes the World Zionist Organization (WZO). 1901 - Fifth Zionist Congress establishes the Jewish National Fund . 1902 - Herzl publishes the novel Altneuland (Old-New Land), which takes place in Palestine. 1903 - 1906 - More pogroms in Russia 1903 - Controversial Uganda Proposal for settlement in East Africa splits the 6th Zionist Congress. A committee is created to look into it. 1904 - 1914 - Second aliyah. 1917 - The British gain control of Palestine as the Ottoman Empire collapses in World War I . 1917 - The British issue the Balfour Declaration , lending support for "the establishment in Palestine for a national home for the Jewish people". 1918 - 1920 - More pogroms during Russian Civil War 1919 - 1923 - Third aliyah. 1920 - The San Remo conference in Italy establishes the British Mandate of Palestine . 1920 - Histadrut founded. 1920 - Haganah founded. 1921 - Chaim Weizmann becomes new President of the WZO at the 12th Zionist Congress (the first since World War I). 1921 - Autonomy is given to Transjordan under Crown Prince Abdullah . Jewish settlement is outlawed there. 1922 - The text from the San Remo Conference is confirmed by the League of Nations . 1923 - Britain gives the Golan Heights to the French mandate of Syria. 1924 - 1928 - Fourth aliyah. 1932 - 1939 - Fifth aliyah. 1933 - 1945 - Jews flee Germany because of persecution under the Nazi government. Jews are turned away because of the British limit on immigrants. 1936 - The British propose a partition between Jewish and Arab areas. It is accepted by the Zionists, but rejected by the Arab parties (See Jewish Defense Organizations ). 1936 - 1939 - Great Uprising by Arabs against British rule and Jewish immigration. 1939 - The British government issues the 'White Paper' setting an absolute limit of 75,000 on future Jewish immigration to Palestine (See The White Paper ). 1947 - On November 29, the United Nations approves partition of Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state. It is accepted by the Jews, but rejected by the Arabs (See [1] [2] ). 1947 - November 30, guerrilla war starts between Jewish forces, centered around the Haganah and Palestinian Arab forces. 1948 - Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948 1948 - May 15. Five neighboring Arab countries invade, and the 1948 Arab-Israeli war ensues. 1975 - The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 equates Zionism with Racism . 1991 - The UN GA resolution 3379 is revoked by Resolution 4686.¹