Wikipedia's first sentence called it “attempted and partially formed during the 8th to 9th century through a series of embassies”. Today it says “abbasid–carolingian alliance during the 8th and 9th centuries”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
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The opening as it read in 2020
Harun al-Rashid receiving a delegation of Charlemagne in Baghdad , by Julius Köckert.1An Abbasid–Carolingian alliance was attempted during the 8th to 9th century through a series of embassies, rapprochements and combined military operations between the Frankish Carolingian Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate and pro-Abbasid rulers in Al Andalus (Islamic Spain and Portugal).2 The alliance is likely to have formed first between Pepin the Short and al-Mansur, and later to have continued under Charlemagne and Harun al-Rashid. These contacts followed the intense conflict between the Carolingians and the Umayyads of Al Andalus, marked by the Battle of Tours in 732, and were aimed at establishing a counter-alliance with the 'faraway' Abbasid Empire based in the Near East . Slightly later, another Carolingian-Abbasid alliance was attempted in a conflict against the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) .3
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 954059052.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Harun al-Rashid receiving a delegation of Charlemagne in Baghdad , by Julius Köckert. An Abbasid–Carolingian alliance was attempted and partially formed during the 8th to 9th century through a series of embassies, rapprochements and combined military operations between the Frankish Carolingian Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate or the pro-Abbasid Muslim rulers in Spain . These contacts followed the intense conflict between the Carolingians and the Umayyads , marked by the landslide Battle of Tours in 732, and were aimed at establishing a counter-alliance with the faraway Abbasid Empire. Slightly later, another Carolingian-Abbasid alliance was attempted in a conflict against Byzantium.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 346342094.
The opening as it stood in 2015
Harun al-Rashid receiving a delegation of Charlemagne in Baghdad , by Julius Köckert. An Abbasid–Carolingian alliance was attempted and partially formed during the 8th to 9th century through a series of embassies, rapprochements and combined military operations between the Frankish Carolingian Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate or the pro-Abbasid Muslim rulers in Spain. These contacts followed the intense conflict between the Carolingians and the Umayyads , marked by the Battle of Tours in 732, and were aimed at establishing a counter-alliance with the faraway Abbasid Empire. Slightly later, another Carolingian-Abbasid alliance was attempted in a conflict against the Byzantine Empire .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 661135722.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Map of the Abbasid and Carolingian empires around 814 There was an Abbasid–Carolingian alliance during the 8th and 9th centuries, effected through a series of embassies, rapprochements and combined military operations between the Frankish Carolingian Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate . The alliance is likely to have formed first between Pepin the Short and al-Mansur , and later to have continued under Charlemagne and Harun al-Rashid . These contacts followed the intense conflict between the Carolingians and the Emirate of Córdoba , marked by the Battle of Tours in 732, and were aimed at establishing a counter-alliance with the 'faraway' Abbasid Empire based in the Near East . Slightly later, another Carolingian-Abbasid alliance was attempted in a conflict against the Byzantine Empire .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1171216805.
The opening as it stood in 2025
8th–9th-century political relationship Map of the Abbasid and Carolingian empires around 814 There was an Abbasid–Carolingian alliance during the 8th and 9th centuries, effected through a series of embassies, rapprochements and combined military operations between the Frankish Carolingian Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate . The alliance is likely to have formed first between Pepin the Short and al-Mansur , and later to have continued under Charlemagne and Harun al-Rashid . These contacts followed the intense conflict between the Carolingians and the Emirate of Córdoba , marked by the Battle of Tours in 732, and were aimed at establishing a counter-alliance with the 'faraway' Abbasid Empire based in the Near East . Slightly later, another Carolingian-Abbasid alliance was attempted in a conflict against the Byzantine Empire .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1291071149. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “attempted and partially formed during the 8th to 9th century through a series of embassies”. Today it says “abbasid–carolingian alliance during the 8th and 9th centuries”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2010, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
attempted and partially formed during the 8th to 9th century through a series of embassies
Now
abbasid–carolingian alliance during the 8th and 9th centuries
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
