Wikipedia's first sentence called it “son of julian armand hammer and the grandson of american industrialist and philanthropist armand hammer”. Today it says “american businessman”.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-03.
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The opening as it read in October 6, 2023
Michael Hammer, see Michael Hammer (disambiguation) . He was the son of Julian Armand Hammer and the grandson of industrialist Armand Hammer . Best known for his ties to Occidental Petroleum , the company of his late grandfather, Hammer oversaw the Hammer International Foundation, the Armand Hammer Foundation, and owned numerous businesses that included Hammer Galleries, and Hammer Productions, a television and film production company located in Los Angeles , California . Hammer sat on the board of directors and the executive committee for the Los Angeles Dream Center , and also served on the Investment Committee and Board of Reference for Oral Roberts University . Hammer was the owner and chief executive of the Knoedler , an art dealership in New York City, which closed in 2011 after purchasing and reselling $80 million in forged paintings bearing the signature of abstract expressionists such as Mark Rothko and Jackson Pollock .
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 1140401486.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Michael Armand Hammer (born September 8, 1955) is the son of Julian Armand Hammer and the grandson of American industrialist and philanthropist Armand Hammer . Best known for his ties to Occidental Petroleum , the company of his late grandfather, Hammer oversees the Hammer International Foundation, the Armand Hammer Foundation, and as well owns numerous business that include Knoedler Publishing in New York City and Hammer Productions, a television and film production company located in Los Angeles , California . As well, Hammer is the founder of Grace Christian Academy in the Cayman Islands and Christian Communications Association, a Christian radio station also in the Cayman Islands . Additionally, he also sits on the Board of Directors at the Los Angeles Dream Center and is a member of the Board of Trustees of Oral Roberts University .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 358350131.
The opening as it stood in 2015 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Michael Armand Hammer (born September 8, 1955) is an American philanthropist and businessman.He is the son of Julian Armand Hammer and the grandson of industrialist Armand Hammer . Best known for his ties to Occidental Petroleum , the company of his late grandfather, Hammer oversees the Hammer International Foundation, the Armand Hammer Foundation, and owns numerous businesses that include Hammer Galleries, and Hammer Productions, a television and film production company located in Los Angeles , California . Hammer is the founder of Grace Christian Academy in the Cayman Islands and Christian Communications Association, a Christian radio station also in the Cayman Islands . He sits on the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee for the Los Angeles Dream Center and Pepperdine University , and also serves on the Investment Committee and Board of Reference for Oral Roberts University .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 665598788.
The opening as it stood in 2020 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
American businessman For the U.S.State Department official, see Michael A. He is the son of Julian Armand Hammer and the grandson of industrialist Armand Hammer . Best known for his ties to Occidental Petroleum , the company of his late grandfather, Hammer oversees the Hammer International Foundation, the Armand Hammer Foundation, and owns numerous businesses that include Hammer Galleries, and Hammer Productions, a television and film production company located in Los Angeles , California . Hammer is the founder of Grace Christian Academy in the Cayman Islands and Christian Communications Association, a Christian radio station also in the Cayman Islands . He sits on the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee for the Los Angeles Dream Center and Pepperdine University , and also serves on the Investment Committee and Board of Reference for Oral Roberts University .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 961452865.
The opening as it stood in 2025
American businessman (1955–2022) For other people named Michael Hammer, see Michael Hammer (disambiguation) . He was the son of Julian Armand Hammer and the grandson of industrialist Armand Hammer . Best known for his ties to Occidental Petroleum , the company of his late grandfather, Hammer oversaw the Hammer International Foundation, the Armand Hammer Foundation, and owned numerous businesses that included Hammer Galleries, and Hammer Productions, a television and film production company located in Los Angeles , California . Hammer sat on the board of directors and the executive committee for the Los Angeles Dream Center , and was on the Investment Committee and Board of Reference for Oral Roberts University . Hammer was the owner and chief executive of the Knoedler , an art dealership in New York City, which closed in 2011 after purchasing and reselling $80 million in forged paintings bearing the signature of abstract expressionists such as Mark Rothko and Jackson Pollock .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1247411841. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “son of julian armand hammer and the grandson of american industrialist and philanthropist armand hammer”. Today it says “american businessman”. Read the current article and compare.
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2010, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
son of julian armand hammer and the grandson of american industrialist and philanthropist armand hammer
Now
american businessman
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.