Aelia Capitolina

Vol. 1 (11th ed.).

Former Roman colony Aelia Capitolina (Traditional English Pronunciation: / ˈ iː l i ə ˌ k æ p ɪ t ə ˈ l aɪ n ə / ; Latin in full: COLONIA AELIA CAPITOLINA ) was a Roman colony , built under Emperor Hadrian on the site of Jewish Jerusalem , which had been almost totally razed after the siege of 70 CE , this being one apparent reason for the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–136 AD . Aelia Capitolina remained the official name of pagan Jerusalem until the rise of Christianity under Emperor Constantine I , who brought back the name Jerusalem in 324. The first part of the Roman pagan name was still in use in Arabic in 638 CE, when the Muslim armies conquered the city which they called 'إلياء', Iliyā'. "Chapter 6: Sancta Hierosolymitana - Jerusalem in the Byzantine Period (324 C.E. - 638 C.E.)" . Jerusalem: Life Throughout the Ages in a Holy City (course) . Map of the early Arab dominions, showing Iliya

Roman colony built on the ruins of Jerusalem Aelia Capitolina (Traditional English Pronunciation: / ˈ iː l i ə ˌ k æ p ɪ t ə ˈ l aɪ n ə / ; Latin in full: COLONIA AELIA CAPITOLINA ) was a Roman colony founded during Emperor Hadrian 's visit to Judaea in 129/130 CE, centered around Jerusalem , which had been almost totally razed after the siege of 70 CE . The foundation of Aelia Capitolina and the construction of a temple to Jupiter at the site of the former temple may have been one of the causes for the outbreak of the Bar Kokhba revolt in 132. Aelia Capitolina remained as the official name until Late Antiquity and the Aelia part of the name transliterated to Īlyāʾ was also used by the Umayyad Caliphate . The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage .

Roman colony built on the ruins of Jerusalem Aelia Capitolina ( Latin : Colonia Aelia Capitolina [kɔˈloːni.a ˈae̯li.a kapɪtoːˈliːna] ) was a Roman colony founded during the Roman emperor Hadrian 's visit to Judaea in 129/130 CE. It was founded on the ruins of Jerusalem , which had been almost totally razed after the siege of 70 CE . This act marked a significant transformation of the city from a Jewish metropolis to a small pagan settlement dedicated to the cult of Capitoline Jupiter . The population of Aelia Capitolina consisted primarily of Roman legionaries , veterans, and other non-Jewish settlers. Jews were forbidden entrance to the city. The city's urban layout was redesigned with broad colonnaded streets, arched gateways, and forums that served as commercial and social hubs. The religious landscape also shifted, with the worship of Roman deities replacing the Jewish religious practices that had been centered around the Temple in Jerusalem . Aelia Capitolina remained a relatively minor city within the Roman Empire , with an estimated population of around 4,000 inhabitants, significantly lower than the population during the late Second Temple period . The modest colony would change dramatically starting in the early 4th century, when Constantine the Great granted Christianity legal status within the Roman Empire. This led to the construction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre , laying the groundwork for its eventual transformation into a prominent Christian center during the Byzantine period . The ban on Jews was maintained until the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in 636. The Aelia part of the name was used in Arabic as Īlyāʾ during the Umayyad Caliphate . The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage . Palestine in late antiquity .